English Quantifiers: Logical Structure and Linguistic Variation

• Publisher: Taishukan Publishing Company
• Year: 1973
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 130
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

A study of the syntax and semantics of quantifiers in English.

✦ Table of Contents

1. Acknowledgments
2. Introduction: Logical Structure and Linguistic Variation
   1. Objectives
   2. Preliminaries
   3. The Logical Structure Controversy
   4. The Problem of Linguistic Variation
      1. The Unified-Analysis Approach
      2. Data Collection
         1. The Informant
         2. The Interview
         3. Reliability and Validity
   5. Plan of the Book
3. Chapter 1: The Underlying Structure of Pre-Determiner Quantifiers
   1. Introduction
   2. A Counter-Example to the Usual Analysis
   3. A Second Counter-Example
      1. Not-Transporation
      2. Negatives and Quantifiers
      3. Quantifiers under Not-Transporation: an Asymmetry
      4. Possible Solutions
         1. Possible Solution I: Change Negation
         2. Possible Solution II: Quantifiers from a Higher Sentence
      5. A Side Excursion: The NT Argument in a More Powerful Model
   4. Internal Structure of the Higher S
      1. Relative Clause Structure
      2. Quantifiers as Verbs
   5. Independent Motivation
4. Chapter 2: The Underlying Structure of Post-Determiner Quantifiers
   1. Introduction
   2. True Adjectives, Pre-Determiner Q, and Post-Determiner Q
      1. Examples Involving Negation
      2. Noun-Phrase Identity Examples
      3. Miscellaneous Examples
   3. An Over-Predicate Deep Structure
   4. Conclusion
5. Chapter 3: Evidence from Idiolect Variation
   1. Introduction
   2. Quantifier Dialects
   3. Until
   4. Tag Questions: did they?
   5. Until and did they? with Quantifiers
   6. Conclusion
6. Chapter 4: Rule Order, Randomness, and Syntactic Idiolect Variation
   1. Introduction
   2. The Interaction of Quantifier-Lowering with Tag-Question
   3. The Interaction of Tag-Question with Not-Transporation
   4. Interaction among dialects
   5. Attested, Possible, and Impossible Dialects
   6. Conclusion
7. Chapter 5: Idiolect Variation and Linguistic Change
   1. Introduction
   2. The Scope Problem
   3. The Primacy-Relation Solution
   4. Counter-Examples
      1. Counter-Example I
      2. Counter-Example II
   5. Conclusion: Rejection of the Primacy-Relation Solution
   6. Towards a Solution
8. Appendix A: A Rule-Ordering Paradox
   1. Introduction
   2. QL is Cylic
      1. Reflexive
      2. Reflexive and Raising
      3. Conclusion
   3. QL is Last-Cyclic
      1. Not-Transporation
      2. NP-Identity Rules
      3. Conclusion
   4. Possible Escapes
      1. Making QL Cyclic: The NT Argument
      2. Making QL Cyclic: The NP-Identity Argument
      3. A New Sort of Reflexive
9. Appendix B: The Deep Structure of "Both"
   1. Introduction
   2. "Both" as a Quantifier
      1. Surface-Structure Parallels
      2. Deeper Parallels
   3. "Both" as a Non-Quantifier
      1. Lakoff-Peters Examples
      2. Miscellaneous Examples
      3. Predicate "Both"
   4. Proposed Solution
   5. Confirming Evidence
      1. Surface-Structure Parallels
      2. Deeper Parallels
         1. Equi-NP Deletion
         2. Not-Transportation
   6. Conclusion and Speculation
10. Bibliography
11. Index

✦ Subjects

linguistics; syntax; syntactic theory; semantics; semantic theory; quantifiers; quantification