Engineering Drawing for PTU (Subject Code: ME-102)

✍ Scribed by M. B. Shah B. C. Rana, V. K. Jadon

• Publisher: Pearson Education
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 441
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
About the Authors
Brief Contents
Contents
Abbreviations, Symbols and Notations
Abbreviations
Symbols and Notations
Preface
Roadmap to the Syllabus
Chapter 1: Basics of Engineering Drawing
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Drawing Instruments
1.2.1 Drawing Board
1.2.2 Minidrafter
1.2.3 Precision Instrument Box
1.2.4 Set Squares
1.2.5 Engineers’ Scales
1.2.6 Protractor
1.2.7 Irregular or French Curves
1.2.8 Spring Clips
1.2.9 Drawing Papers
1.2.10 Pencils
1.2.11 Erasers
1.2.12 Erasing Shields
1.2.13 Templates
1.2.14 Dusters
1.2.15 Flexible Curves
1.2.16 Tracing Paper
1.2.17 T-Square
1.3 Title Block
Review Questions
Chapter 2: Symbolic Lines and Lettering
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Symbolic Lines
2.3 Lettering
2.4 General Rules for Lettering
Exercises
Chapter 3: Scales
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Representative Fraction
3.3 Construction of Scales
3.4 Types of Scales
3.4.1 Plain Scales
3.4.2 Diagonal Scales
3.4.3 Vernier Scales
3.4.4 Comparative Scales
3.4.5 Scale of Chords
Exercises
Chapter 4: Projections of Points and Lines
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Orthographic Projections
4.3 First-angle Projections
4.4 Second-, Third- and Fourth-angle Projections
4.5 Projections of Lines
4.6 Angles Between Lines and Reference Planes
4.7 Projections of Lines Parallel to One and Inclined to the Other Reference Plane
4.8 Projections of Lines Inclined to Both the Reference Planes
4.9 Problems Related to Lines Inclined to Both the Reference Planes
4.9.1 To Find the True Length of a Line
4.9.2 To Find the Angle of Inclination
4.10 Traces of a Line
4.11 Procedure for Locating the HT and the VT
4.12 Procedure when the HT and/or the VT is Given
4.13 Side Views
4.14 Shortest Distance Between a Given Line AB
and Ground Line XY
Exercises
Chapter 5: Projections on Auxiliary Reference Planes
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Auxiliary Plane Method
5.2.1 Projection of a Point on an Auxiliary Vertical Plane (AVP)
5.2.2 Projection of a Point on an Auxiliary Inclined Plane (AIP)
5.3 Procedure for Drawing an Auxiliary Front View (AFV)
5.4 Procedure for Drawing an Auxiliary Top View (ATV)
Exercises
Chapter 6: Projections of Planes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Positions of Planes
6.2.1 Planes Parallel to the VP
6.2.2 Planes Parallel to the HP
6.2.3 Planes Perpendicular to the VP and Inclined to the HP
6.2.4 Planes Perpendicular to the HP and Inclined to the VP
6.2.5 Planes Inclined to Both the Reference Planes
6.2.6 Trace of a Plane
6.3 Positions When the Shape and Size in the Front View and/or Top View are Given
Exercises
Two Step Problems
Three Step Problems
Chapter 7: Projections of Solids
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Solids
7.2.1 Prisms and Pyramids
7.2.2 Cylinders and Cones
7.2.3 Frustums
7.3 Orthographic Projections of Solids
7.3.1 Projections of Solids with the Axis Perpendicular to One of the Reference Planes and Parallel to the Other Two
7.3.2 Projections of Solids with the Axis Parallel to One of the Reference Planes and Inclined to the Other
7.4 Additional Points for Two-step Problems
7.4.1 The Axis of a Solid is Required to be Parallel to the VP and Inclined at θ to the HP
7.4.2 The Axis of a Solid is Required to be Parallel to the HP and Inclined at φ to the VP
7.5 Deciding the Position of the Axis
7.6 Visibility of Surfaces
7.7 Projections of Solids with the Axis Inclined to Both the HP and the VP
7.8 Projections of Spheres
7.9 Projections of Oblique Solids
Exercises
Chapter 8: Multiview Orthographic Projections
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Multiview Orthographic Projections
8.3 Objects Bounded by Plane Surfaces
8.4 Reading an Isometric or Oblique Parallel Projection
8.4.1 Rules for Reading the Position of Each Line or Surface of an Object in a Pictorial View
8.4.2 Misleading Conditions in Pictorial Views
Exercises
Chapter 9: Auxiliary Views
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Front Auxiliary View
9.3 The Top Auxiliary View or Auxiliary Elevation
9.4 The Side Auxiliary View
9.5 Partial Views
9.6 Drawing the Apparent Shapes of Surfaces
Exercises
Chapter 10: Sections of Solids
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Cutting Planes
10.3 Sections and Sectional Views
10.4 Drawing Sectional Views
10.5 Locating the CP Position When the True Shape
of a Section is Known
10.5.1 Hints to Remember
10.5.2 The Procedure for Locating the Cutting Plane
Exercises
Chapter 11: Sectional Views
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Projections of Sectional Views
11.3 Hatching Lines
11.4 Drawing Sectional Views of Machine Parts
11.5 Types of Sectional Views
11.5.1 Full-sectional View
11.5.2 Half-sectional View
11.5.3 Offset Sections
11.5.4 Revolved Sections
11.5.5 Removed Sections
11.5.6 Partial Section or Broken Section
Exercises
Chapter 12: Isometric Projections
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Types of Pictorial Projections
12.3 Isometric Projections
12.3.1 The Isometric Scale
12.3.2 Drawing Isometric Projections of Solid Objects
12.3.3 Procedure for Drawing Isometric Projections of an Object
12.3.4 The Isometric Projection of a Sphere
Chapter 13: Dimensioning and Free-Hand Sketching
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Dimensioning
13.2.1 Dimension Lines
13.2.2 Extension or Projection Lines
13.2.3 Leaders
13.3 Dimensioning Systems
13.4 Dimensioning Principles
13.5 Dimensioning Pictorial Views
13.6 Free-Hand Sketching
13.6.1 Materials Required for Sketching
13.6.2 Sketching Straight Lines
13.6.3 Sketching Circles
13.6.4 Sketching Multiview Orthographic Projections
Exercises
Chapter 14: Reading Orthographic Projections
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Reading Orthographic Projections
14.3 Reading Orthographic Projections by Visualizing the Bounding Surfaces
14.4 Recognizing the Projections of the Same Plane Surface
14.4.1 Missing Views and Lines in Orthographic Projections
Exercises
Chapter 15: Development of Surfaces
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Understanding the Development of Surfaces
15.3 Methods for Development
15.4 Methods for Development of Cut Surfaces
15.4.1 The Line Method
15.4.2 The Cutting Plane Method
Exercises
Chapter 16: Intersection of Surfaces
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Determination of the Curve of Intersection
16.3 The Line Method
16.4 Procedure for the Line Method
16.5 Deciding the Visibility of the Curve of Intersection
16.5.1 Determining Cut-off Portions of Lines
on the Penetrated Solid
16.5.2 Visibility When the Solid Has a Hole
16.6 The Cutting Plane Method
Exercises
Chapter 17: Oblique Parallel Projections and Perspective 0Projections
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Oblique Parallel Projections
17.3 The Oblique Parallel Projections of a Cube
17.4 Perspective Projections
17.4.1 Terminology
17.4.2 Theory of Perspective Projections
17.4.3 The Visual Ray Method
17.4.4 The Vanishing Point Method
17.4.5 Important Points About Perspective Projections
Exercises
Chapter 18: Computer-Aided Drafting
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Using AutoCAD
18.2.1 A Mouse
18.2.2 A Keyboard
18.3 AutoCAD Command Access
18.4 Menus and Toolbars
18.5 Toolbars
18.5.1 Opening a File
18.5.2 Saving a File
18.6 Execution of Commands
18.6.1 The Donut and Spline Commands
18.6.2 The Line Command
18.6.3 The Coordinate Systems Command
18.6.4 The Polygon Command
18.6.5 The Circle Command
18.6.6 The Arc Command
18.6.7 The Ellipse Command
18.6.8 The Hatch Command
18.6.9 The Zoom Command
18.6.10 The Regen Command
18.6.11 The UCS Command
18.6.12 The Units Command
18.6.13 Drawing Limits
18.6.14 The Grid Command
18.6.15 The Offset Command
18.6.16 The Change Command
18.6.17 The Chprop Command
18.6.18 The Erase Command
18.6.19 The Trim Command
18.6.20 The Array Command
18.6.21 The Mirror Command
18.6.22 The Copy Command
18.6.23 The Move Command
18.6.24 The Chamfer Command
18.6.25 The Fillet Command
18.6.26 The Pedit Command
18.6.27 The Dimension Command
18.6.28 The Extend Command
18.6.29 The Lengthen Command
18.6.30 The Rotate, Extrude and Revolve Commands
18.7 Three-Dimensional Modelling
18.7.1 The Wire Frame Model
18.7.2 The Surface Model
18.7.3 The Solid Model
Exercises
Short-Answer Questions
Solved Question Papers
Solutions
Index