Engineered Cementitious Composites for Electrified Roadway in Megacities: A Comprehensive Study on Functional Performance (Springer Theses)

✍ Scribed by Ali Aryo Bawono

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 279
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book describes the development of an innovative solution for electrified roadway pavements based on engineered cementitious composites, which are exhibiting an extreme tensile strain capacity that is much higher than conventional concrete. This enables the pavement to work without steel reinforcement and to embed a dynamic wireless power transfer technology for charging electric vehicles. At first, the book presents a modified performance-driven design approach to improve the composites to achieve the optimum pavement design in terms of functional and structural performance. It shows that the modified composites can be used to fulfil the safety and comfort factors without neglecting the characteristics of conventional ones. Further, 3D finite element and fluid dynamics models are used to analyse the pavement properties. The validated models can predict the functional performance, including skid resistance, surface water drainage, and noise. In the remaining part of the thesis, an environmentally-friendly photocatalytic function for pavement made of engineered cementitious composites is investigated. In turn, a multi-criteria design analysis is proposed to identify the optimum functional performance of the pavements. All in all, this book reports on a comprehensive approach to design, analyse and optimize engineered cementitious composites for electrified road pavement application. A special emphasis is given on applications in Singapore and other tropical megacities.

✦ Table of Contents

Supervisor’s Foreword
Acknowledgment
Contents
Symbols and Abbreviations
Symbols
Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Aims and Scope of the Research
1.3 Research Outline
Reference
2 Electro-Mobility Solution Towards the Ultimate Public Transport System with a Case Study of Singapore
2.1 Towards the Ultimate Public Transport System for Singapore
2.2 Road Traffic in Singapore and Its Emissions
2.3 Current Pavement Design in Singapore
2.3.1 Asphalt (Flexible) Pavement
2.3.2 Concrete (Rigid) Pavement Design
2.3.3 Semi-Rigid Pavement Design
2.4 Future Pavement Design: Electrified Roadways
2.4.1 Development of Electrified Roadway
2.4.2 Dynamic Power Transfer (DPT)
2.4.3 Pavement Design to Embed DPT System
References
3 State of the Art: Engineered Cementitious Composites Precast Ultra-Thin Whitetopping (ECC-PUTW)
3.1 PUTW Design
3.2 Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC)
3.2.1 The Application of ECC
3.2.2 Micromechanics-Based Design of ECC
3.2.3 Ingredients Used in ECC
3.2.4 Mixture Design of ECC
3.2.5 The Performance of ECC
3.3 PUTW Slab Manufacture
3.4 PUTW Construction
References
4 State of the Art: Functional Performance of Pavement
4.1 Skid Resistance
4.1.1 Standard Requirements for Skid Resistance
4.1.2 Test Methods on Skid Resistance
4.1.3 Treatment Methods to Improve Skid Resistance
4.1.4 Numerical Models on Skid Resistance
4.2 Surface Water Drainage Performance
4.2.1 Standard Requirements of Surface Water Drainage
4.2.2 Test Methods on Surface Water Drainage
4.2.3 Treatment Methods to Improve Surface Water Drainage
4.2.4 Numerical Models on Surface Water Drainage
4.3 Tire-Pavement Noise
4.3.1 Standard Requirements for Noise
4.3.2 Test Methods on (Tire-) Pavement Noise
4.3.3 Treatment Methods to Reduce Noise on (Tire-) Pavement
4.4 Texture Durability
4.5 Self-cleaning Function on Pavements
4.5.1 Photocatalytic Process
4.5.2 Test Methods on Photocatalytic Performance
4.5.3 Research and Application of Photocatalytic Pavements
References
5 Multi Criteria Decision Analysis on the Functional Performance of Pavement
5.1 Functions, Compound Objectives, and Multiple Constraints Within Functional Performance of Surface Pavements
5.2 Scope of MCDA Study
5.3 Methodology of MCDA
5.4 Data Mining
5.4.1 Data Collection
5.4.2 Data Process with Empirical Formula
5.4.3 Data Filter with Statistical Analysis
5.5 Scoring on Criteria for Functional Performance
5.5.1 Scoring Criteria
5.5.2 Scoring on Microtexture
5.5.3 Scoring on Macrotexture
5.5.4 Scoring on Pavement Surface Pavement Drainage
5.5.5 Scoring on Noise Reduction
5.5.6 Scoring on Pavement Roughness
5.5.7 Scoring on Cost and Durability
5.6 Weighting on Criteria for Functional Performance
5.7 Results
5.7.1 Radar Chart Analysis
5.7.2 Multiple Two-Constraints Analysis on Functional Performance
5.7.3 Multi Criteria Decision Analysis
References
6 Study of Mechanical Properties
6.1 Experimental Program
6.1.1 Materials and Mixture Design
6.1.2 Specimen Preparation
6.1.3 Test Program
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Effects of Aggregates on the Mechanical Behavior
6.2.2 Effects of Aggregates on the First Crack Strength
6.2.3 Effects of Fibers to the Mechanical Behavior
6.2.4 Effects of Grooves to the Structural Performance of the Slab
6.2.5 Large Scale Mix
6.2.6 Durability of Surface Texture
References
7 Study of Skid Resistance: Laboratory Test
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Laboratory Test Program
7.2.1 ECC Without Any Surface Treatment
7.2.2 Method 1: Brushed ECC Mixed with Aggregate
7.2.3 Method 2: Exposed Aggregates on ECC Surface
7.2.4 Method 3: Grooved ECC Mixed with Aggregates (Precast with Acrylic Mold)
7.2.5 Method 4: Grooved ECC Mixed with Aggregates (Precast with Styrofoam Mold)
7.2.6 Method 5: Grooved ECC Mixed with Aggregates (Precast with Silicone Rubber)
7.2.7 Method 6: Grooved ECC Mixed with Aggregate (with Concrete Cutter Machine)
7.3 Results
7.3.1 Skid Resistance Performance of ECC and Modified ECC
7.3.2 Skid Resistance Performance on Grooved ECC
References
8 Study of Skid Resistance: Field Investigation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Full-Scale Field Investigation Program
8.2.1 Method 1: Brushed ECC Mixed with Aggregates (Casting in Place)
8.2.2 Method 2: Exposed Aggregates on ECC Surface
8.2.3 Method 3: Precast Modified ECC Slab (First Trial with Wooden Formwork)
8.2.4 Method 4: Precast Modified ECC Slabs with Steel Formwork
8.2.5 Method 5: Reverse Precast Modified ECC
8.3 Results
8.3.1 Skid Resistance of ECC in Large Scale
8.3.2 Skid Resistance of Brushed Modified ECC in Large Scale
8.3.3 Skid Resistance of Exposed ECC-Cor in Large Scale
8.3.4 Skid Resistance of Precast Modified ECC-Cor Slabs in Large Scale
8.3.5 Comparison of “Cast in Situ” and “Precast” Method for Modified ECC
References
9 Study of Skid Resistance: Numerical Modelling 3D FEM
9.1 Material Properties
9.2 Geometric Model
9.3 Mesh Design
9.4 Contact and Body Interaction
9.5 Model Validation
9.6 Results
References
10 Study of Surface Water Drainage: Laboratory Test
10.1 Laboratory Test Program
10.1.1 Materials and Mixture Design
10.1.2 Specimen Preparation
10.1.3 Test Program
10.2 Results
10.3 Water Outflow Performance of ECC, ECC-Cor, and ECC-SS
10.3.1 Water Outflow Performance on Grooved ECC-Cor
10.3.2 Water Film Thickness on ECC-Cor
10.3.3 Water Film Thickness on Grooved ECC-Cor
10.3.4 Water Film Thickness Comparison Between Flat and Grooved ECC-Cor
References
11 Study of Surface Water Drainage: Field Investigation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Full-Scale Field Investigation
11.2.1 Test Program
11.3 Results
11.3.1 Water Outflow of Brushed ECC-Cor
11.3.2 Water Outflow Performance of Exposed ECC-Cor
11.3.3 Water Outflow Performance of Pavement Made of ECC-Cor with Precast Method
References
12 Study of Surface Water Drainage: Numerical 3D CFX
12.1 Material Properties
12.2 Geometry Model
12.3 Mesh Design
12.4 Surface Water Drainage 3D CFX Model
12.5 Model Validation
12.6 Results
References
13 Study of Correlation Between Skid Resistance and Surface Water Drainage Performance
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Experimental Program
13.2.1 Materials and Mixture Design
13.2.2 Specimen Preparation
13.2.3 Test Program
13.3 Results
13.3.1 Skid Resistance
13.3.2 Surface Water Drainage Performance
13.3.3 Effects on Grooving Treatment on Surface Water Drainage Performance and Skid Resistance
13.3.4 Effects of Cross Slope and Grade on Surface Water Drainage Performance
13.3.5 The Correlation Between Skid Resistance and Surface Water Drainage with Effect of Cross Slope and Grade
References
14 Study of Noise
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Experimental Program
14.2.1 Materials and Mixture Design
14.2.2 Specimen Preparation
14.2.3 Test Program
14.3 Results
14.3.1 Texture Depth Measurement with Profilometer
14.3.2 Macrotexture (MPD) and Shape Factor
14.3.3 Sound Level
References
15 Study of Self-cleaning and Slip-Proof ECC
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Experimental Program
15.2.1 TiO2 Screening, Characterization and Performance Evaluation
15.2.2 Material
15.2.3 Mix Design and Specimen Preparation
15.2.4 Test Program
15.3 Results
15.3.1 TiO2 Characterization
15.3.2 Effects of Silica Sand on Mechanical Properties
15.3.3 Effects of TiO2 on Mechanical Properties
15.3.4 Accelerated Dirt-Pick up Resistance (DPUR) Under Visible Light
References
16 Conclusions and Recommendations
16.1 The Study of MCDA
16.2 The Study of Skid Resistance
16.3 The Study of Surface Water Drainage
16.4 The Study of Correlation Between Skid Resistance and Surface Water Drainage Performance
16.5 The Study of Noise
16.6 The Study of Self-cleaning and Slip-proof
References
Appendix A
Dynamic Power Transfer Components, PUTW Design and Construction Method, and ECC Material for Electrified Roadway
Appendix B
Consideration of Functional Performance Analysis in Typical Construction Process
Appendix C
Multi-criteria Design Analysis on Functional Performance
Appendix D
Standards for Skid Resistance on Different Countries
Appendix E
Surface Texture Measurement Test Method and Texturing Method
About the Author