Energy Resources: Availability, Management, and Environmental Impacts

✍ Scribed by Kenneth J. Skipka, Louis Theodore

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2014
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 488
• Series: Energy and the Environment
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Energy Resources: Availability, Management, and Environmental Impacts identifies historical increases in demand and a continuing lack of viable management policies for regional and global energy problems. Considering the state and consumption of energy resources on a worldwide level, the authors outline and address three primary issues that they view as growing concerns: the exploitation of current forms of energy, the environmental consequences, and the social and economic ramifications involved.

The initial chapters offer an overview of energy management, providing an introduction to energy, energy-related engineering principles, regulations, energy conservation, and sustainability. The book discusses all energy resource forms from fossil fuels to renewable resources. The authors introduce an energy matrix providing an analytical structure that quantitatively can be used to evaluate resource options and their impacts.

The concluding chapters provide insight into the driving forces that have shaped energy policy to date and the uncertainties that face future policymakers. The book analyzes various aspects of energy management. It poses concerns and offers solutions, including a proposed approach for developing, organizing, and implementing a national energy plan for the U.S.

A Template for Developing an Energy Policy

• Examines the issues involved with energy management
• Explores the best options for achieving energy independence
• Provides quantitative approaches to energy policy development
• Discusses specific structural and analytical approaches to solving energy management problems

The book considers conservation and the development of new, less expensive energy forms, and the impact these can make in slowing growth in demand while fueling efficiency. It analyzes the availability of traditional energy resources and a method of quantifying their energy, economic, and environmental impacts to provide adequate, inexpensive, long-term energy supplies. It also examines the feasibility of solar power, wind, tidal, geothermal, nuclear, and other less traditional sources of energy.

✦ Table of Contents

Section I Basic Principles
1 Introduction to the Issues
Introduction
Energy Terms
Conservation Law for Energy
Enthalpy
Heat Transfer
Net Energy Analysis
Developing a National Energy Policy
Short Term
Long Term
References

2 Thermodynamic Principles: Entropy Analysis
Introduction
Qualitative Review of the Second Law
Describing Equations
The Heat Exchanger Dilemma
Applications
Concluding Comments
References

3 Energy Demand
Introduction
Early History
The First Humans
The Industrial Revolution
Recent Years
Effect of Demand of Energy Resources
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Oil Shale
Nuclear Energy
Solar
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Canada
Energy Needs
Energy Resources
Tar Sands
Future Energy Demands
Concluding Remarks
References

4 Sustainability and Green Science/Engineering
Introduction
Sustainability
Historical Perspective
Resource Limitations
Sustainable Development Considerations
Resources for Sustainability
Future Trends
Green Science/Engineering
Introduction to Green Chemistry
Introduction to Green Science/Engineering
Green Chemistry versus Green Engineering
Green Resources (Internet Sources)
References

5 Energy Regulations
Introduction
The Regulatory System
Laws and Regulations: The Differences
The Role of the States
The Department of Energy (DOE)
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
Energy Information Administration (EIA)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The 2013 New York State Energy Plan
Overview of New York’s State Energy Plan
References

6 The Modern Energy Matrix: An Overview
Introduction
Energy System Components
Resources
Production
Transportation/Transmission
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Utilization
Energy Matrix Overview
References

Section II Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels
7 Coal
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

8 Oil
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Pipelines
Ships
Trains
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

9 Natural Gas
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

10 Shale Oil
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

11 Tar Sands
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

Section III Other Energy Resources
12 Solar Energy
Introduction
Early History
Availability, Distribution, and Characterization
Availability
Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

13 Nuclear Energy
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Conversion, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction and Conversion
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Waste Disposal
Plant Accidents/Safety
Radiation Effects
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

14 Hydroelectric Energy
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

15 Wind Energy
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

16 Geothermal Energy
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing and Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

17 Hydrogen Energy
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

18 Biomass Energy
Introduction
Early History
Availability/Distribution and Characterization
Availability/Distribution
Characterization
Refuse/Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Wood
Hazardous Wastes
Biofuels
Extraction, Processing, and Transportation/Transmission
Extraction
Processing
Transportation/Transmission
Environmental Issues
Future Prospects and Concerns
References

19 Other Energy Sources
Introduction
Fuels Derived from Coals and Oils
Coke
Coal Char and Liquids
Gaseous Fuels from Coal
By-Product Gas from Gasification
Coal–Water Mixture
Hydrocarbons
Hydrokinetic Energy
Tidal Energy
Ocean Thermal Energy
Wave Energy
References

Section IV Aspects of Energy Management
20 Energy Demand and Distribution Systems
Introduction
The Evolution of Energy Demand
Energy Stakeholders
The Role of Distribution Systems
References

21 Conservation, Sustainability, and Green Engineering
Introduction
Energy Conservation
Chemical Plant and Process Applications
Domestic Applications
Cooling
Heating
Hot Water
Cooking
Lighting
New Appliances
Individual Efforts
Sustainability Approaches
Domestic Level
Green Engineering
Buildings
Materials
Architects
Insulation
Ducts and Piping
Maintenance
Reduced Loads
Concluding Remarks
References

22 Environmental Considerations
Introduction
Environmental Management Topics
Environmental Factors
The Health Risk Evaluation Process
The Hazard Risk Assessment Process
Concluding Remarks
References

23 Economic Considerations
Introduction
Definitions
Simple Interest
Compound Interest
Present Worth
Evaluation of Sums of Money
Uniform Series of Payments
Depreciation
Fabricated Equipment Cost Index
Capital Recovery Factor
Present Net Worth
Perpetual Life
Break-Even Point
Approximate Rate of Return
Exact Rate of Return
Bonds
Incremental Cost
Capital Costs
Operating Costs
Energy Cost Data
Oil
Coal
Natural Gas
Renewables
Nuclear Energy
Hidden Economic Factors
Project Evaluation and Optimization
Principles of Accounting
Concluding Remarks
References

24 Political Considerations
Introduction
The Political Problem Associated with Natural Resource Wealth
Energy Politics
References

25 Challenges Facing Future Energy Policy Makers
Introduction
Present Energy State
Energy Sources of the Future
Some Policy Suggestions for the Future
Incentives
Environmental Protection
Unnecessary Use of Energy
Capital Needs
Applying the Concept of Net Energy
Societal Concerns
Energy Forecasts for New York State and Canada
New York State Plan
Canadian Plan
Concluding Remarks
References

Section V Energy Management Solutions
26 Introduction to Energy Policy Issues
Introduction
Energy Policy Priority
Is Energy Independence a Legitimate Goal?
The Responsibility of Government
Concluding Comments
References

27 Energy–Environmental Interactions
Introduction
US Energy–Environmental Policy Issues
General Overview/Comments
Net Energy Concepts
Interaction with Other Goals
Environmental Concerns: A Technological Mandate
Individual State Energy Policies
Global Energy Policies
References

28 Quantitative Analysis of Energy Management Options
Introduction
Energy Resource Comparison Procedure
Energy Resource Comparative Analysis: United States (2015–2025)
Energy Resource Comparative Analysis: Developed Nations
(2015–2025)
Energy Resource Comparative Analysis: Underdeveloped Nations
(2015–2025)
References

29 Solving the Energy Management Policy Challenge
Introduction
Public or Private Control
Management Approach
The Tasks at Hand
Design Considerations for an Energy Management Plan
Phase 1—Structural Elements
Phase 2—Team Organization and Leadership
Phase 3—Establish Goal and Objectives
Phase 4—Analytics
Phase 5—Implementation Strategy
Phase 6—Critical Reviews
Factors for Consideration in Developing Energy Policy
References

Epilogue

Index

✦ Subjects

Экологические дисциплины;Экологический менеджмент;