ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS: BEHAVIORAL ISSUES
Copyright
CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 ENERGY CONSERVATION POLICY AND BEHAVIOR
THE HUMAN DIMENSION OF ENERGY USE
ABOUT THIS REPORT
BEHAVIORAL QUESTIONS RELATED TO CONSERVATION PROGRAMS FOR BUILDINGS
Information Programs
Incentive Programs
Standards
Technological Research and Development
CHAPTER 2 METHODS FOR ANSWERING BEHAVIORAL QUESTIONS
SIX ANALYTIC METHODS
Traditional Energy Demand Models
Analysis of Existing Data
Surveys
Ethnographic Methods
Small-Scale Controlled Experiments
Evaluation Research
A STRATEGY FOR ASSESSING BEHAVIORAL ISSUES
USING BEHAVIORAL METHODS TO ANALYZE POLICY ISSUES
Information and Information Programs
Incentive Programs
Standards
Technological Research and Development
CHAPTER 3 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RESIDENTIAL CONSERVATION INCENTIVES
CRITERIA OF EFFECTIVENESS
EFFECTS OF THE SIZE AND TYPE OF INCENTIVE
Surveys of Preference
Participation in Incentive Programs
Conclusions
NONFINANCIAL FEATURES OF INCENTIVE PROGRAMS
EFFECTIVENESS OF INCENTIVES IN THE LOW-INCOME HOUSING SECTOR
Low-Income Participation in Incentive Programs
Incentive Programs for Low-Income Households
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 4 INFORMATION-BASED HOME RETROFIT PROGRAMS
HOW CAN A PROGRAM BE DESIGNED SO THAT THE INFORMATION IT OFFERS IS USED?
HOW CAN A PROGRAM BE DESIGNED TO SPREAD INFORMATION WIDELY?
HOW CAN THE EFFECTS OF A PROGRAM BE FORECAST?
HOW CAN THE EFFECTS OF A PROGRAM BE ASSESSED ACCURATELY?
TO WHAT CAN PROGRAM EFFECTS BE ATTRIBUTED?
RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER 5 HOME ENERGY RATINGS
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL HOME ENERGY RATING SYSTEM
QUESTIONS ABOUT DESIGNING RATINGS
In What Units Should a Rating be Presented?
Energy Units
Dollars
Arbitrary Scales
How Much Precision Should a Home Energy Rating Offer?
Should a Rating Explicitly Estimate the Effects of Retrofits?
What Energy Uses Should a Rating Reflect?
QUESTIONS ABOUT IMPLEMENTING RATING PROGRAMS
Who Should Rate Homes?
What are the Key Institutions for Getting a Rating System Accepted?
What Other Institutional Arrangements Might Strengthen a Rating System?
DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE HOME ENERGY RATING SYSTEMS
What to Test
How to Conduct a Test
How to Assess Outcomes
Early Indicators
Effects on the Sale of Energy-Efficient Homes
Effects on the Energy Efficiency of Homes
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER 6 PREDICTED AND ACTUAL ENERGY SAVINGS FROM HOME RETROFITS
RESEARCH STRATEGY
THE FIRST STAGE OF RESEARCH
Measuring Retrofits
Assessing Engineering Models in Practice
Other Direct Measures
Self-Reported Behavior
GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH DESIGN
REFERENCES