Energy dissipation in stretching filled rubbers

✍ Scribed by A. N. Gent

• Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
• Year: 1974
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 499 KB
• Volume: 18
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0021-8995
• DOI: 10.1002/app.1974.070180510

✦ Synopsis

Energy expended irreversibly in stretching filled rubbers is calculated for a simple two-phase series model: a soft phase resembling the corresponding unfilled rubber and a hard phase in series with the soft phase. It is assumed that the Iubber is initially wholly in the hard state and that it changes progressively into the softened state on stretching, as proposed by Mullins and Tobin. For a wide range of model parameters, the dissipation of mechanical energy is predicted to rise to about 40% of the input energy at large strains. This predicted behavior is in reasonably good agreement with observations of extra energy dissipat,ion in carbon black-filled rubbers, in comparison with corresponding unfilled rubbers, suggesting that the proposed mechanism of hysteresis by phase transformation is valid. A method of combining energy losses from two simultaneous dissipative processes is also proposed.