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11 Process heating, power and incineration (energy applications in industry) 03/00288 The economics of the combined cycle gas turbine -an experience curve analysis Colpier, U. C. and Cornland, D. Energy Policy, 2002, 30, (4), 309-3 l 6. In this article, the experience curve is used to analyse the economics of the natural-gas-fired combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). During the last decade the specific investment price for larger CCGTs has decreased by as much as 35% in real terms. Whether this rapid decline in price is a trend that can be expected to continue in the future is examined here. The analysis indicates that the CCGT technology has been in a so-called 'shakeout' phase during the last decade. The decline of the specific investment price is likely to level off in the future. The implications of this expected development on the future price of CCGT plants and the electricity they generate are discussed. operation). The use of these systems have demonstrated that faster start-ups and more consistent operations can be attained which provide both life extension and enhanced performance in terms of start-up rates. The use of these systems to quantify creep damage is also highlighted. This information from real plant data has a significant impact on remnant life predictions, highlighting hot zones in the boiler and the impact of modified operations to safely enhance plant life. Finally, a cost-benefit example is presented which shows the potential magnitude of benefits that can be attained from optimized operations enabled by component life monitoring, 03/00289 The effect of Mg-based additive on aerosol characteristics in medium-speed diesel engines operating with residual fuel oils Lyyr/inen, J. et al. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2002, 33, (7), 967-981. Aerosol measurements were carried out to determine particle formation and characteristics produced in a four-stroke, turbo-charged 1 MW diesel engine operating with high ash-content heavy fuel oil with and without a Mg-based additive, The mass size distributions are bimodal (modes at 0.1 and 10/~m, aerodynamic size) without additive and have three modes (additional mode at 2/~m) with the additive. It was found that the 2 #m mode was generated by magnesium together with some vanadium, nickel and sulphur. The primary particles are formed by nucleation of the volatilized fuel oil ash species that further grow by condensation and agglomeration. The 10 #m mode particles are mainly re-entrained from deposits and fuel residue particles of different sizes. Primary particle size is about 40-100 nm as observed in the SEM and TEM micrographs. It appears that the fine particles (0.1 /~m mode) are more spheroidal and catenulate with the additive than without. Bilgin, A. et al. Energy Sources, 2002, 24, (5), 431-440. The performance of a variable compression ratio compression ignition engine operating on ethanol-diesel fuel blends has been evaluated experimentally. The objective was to determine the optimum percentage of ethanol and the compression ratio of the engine that give the best performance and efficiency at the same time. The engine was operated with ethanol-diesel fuel blends having 2, 4, and 6% ethanol on a volume basis as well as on diesel fuel alone. The experiments were performed for the compression ratios of 19, 21, and 23. Experimental results indicate that the addition of 4% ethanol to diesel fuel increases power output and efficiency of the engine while it decreases specific fuel consumption for various compression ratios. The best efficiency was attained at the compression ratio of 21 with an increment ratio over 3.5%.
03/00290 The effects of diesel-ethanol blends on diesel engine performance
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