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Endothelial cells are activated during hypoxia via endoglin/ALK-1/SMAD1/5 signaling in vivo and in vitro

✍ Scribed by Fei Tian; Alex-Xianghua Zhou; Anke M. Smits; Erik Larsson; Marie-José Goumans; Carl-Henrik Heldin; Jan Borén; Levent M. Akyürek


Book ID
116299727
Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
2010
Tongue
English
Weight
984 KB
Volume
392
Category
Article
ISSN
0006-291X

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## Background In endothelial cells (EC), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) can bind to and transduce signals through ALK1 and ALK5. The TGF-β/ALK5 and TGF-β/ALK1 pathways have opposite effects on EC behaviour. Besides differential receptor binding, the duration of TGF-β signaling is an important