Enclosed Experimental Marine Ecosystems: A Review and Recommendations

• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 228
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

About The Product

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies Series.

The application of mesocosms, defined in this report as artificial experimental enclosures ranging in size from 1 m³ to 10 m³, to address various problems in the marine sciences has been a relatively recent development. The application of the technology was dictated by the realization that many important ocean processes and interactions cannot be fully understood from observations in the natural environment or in smaller enclosures. Such studies involve, for example, determining the interactions between, and energy transfer from, one trophic level to another, the biogeochemical cycling of elements and compounds, etc. These and similar interactions and rate processes cannot normally be established in situations (nature) where the detection and quantification of rate processes are confused by advection and/or the inability to study the same populations over time. In the case of microcosms, mixed populations of primary producers, consumers, and carnivores cannot be maintained, in balance, for a sufficient length of time to determine normal interactions between the various components of these trophic levels.

Content:
Chapter 1 Introduction (pages 1–6): C.M. Lalli
Chapter 2 Different Types of Ecosystem Experiment (pages 7–20): Li Guanguo
Chapter 3 Marine Microcosms: Small?Scale Controlled Ecosystems (pages 20–60): Pierre Lasserre
Chapter 4 Pelagic Mesocosms: I. Food Chain Analysis (pages 61–80): Masayuki Takahashi
Chapter 5 Pelagic Mesocosms: II. Process Studies (pages 81–108): U. Brockmann
Chapter 6 Benthic Mesocosms: I. Basic research in Soft?Bottom benthic mesocosms (pages 109–121): P.A.W.J. de Wilde
Chapter 7 Benthic Mesocosms: II. Basic Research in Hard?bottom Benthic Mesocosms (pages 122–135): Torgeir Bakke
Chapter 8 Specific Application of Meso? and Macrocosms for Solving Problems in Fisheries Research (pages 136–154): Victor Oiestad
Chapter 9 Application of Mesocosms for Solving Problems in Pollution Research (pages 155–168): Michael E.Q. Pilson
Chapter 10 Baltic Sea Eutrophication: A Case Study Using Experimental Ecosystems (pages 169–187): Sigurd Schulz
Chapter 11 Mesocosms: Statistical and Experimental Design Considerations (pages 188–196): John C. Gamble
Chapter 12 The Use of Mathematical Models in Conjunction with Mesocosm Ecosystem Research (pages 197–210): T.R. Parsons

✦ Table of Contents

Title Page
......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
CONTRIBUTORS AND MEMBERS OF S.C.O.R. WORKING GROUP 85......Page 4
Preface
......Page 5
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 7
CONTENTS
......Page 8
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 10
II. Exploitation and Management of Resources......Page 13
III. Pollution......Page 14
2. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM EXPERIMENTS......Page 16
INTRODUCTION......Page 29
MULTISTAGE CONTINUOUS CULTURE SYSTEMS......Page 31
COMPLEX MICROCOSMS......Page 41
CONCLUSION......Page 61
LITERATURE CITED......Page 62
INTRODUCTION......Page 70
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 72
LITERATURE CITED......Page 85
INTRODUCTION......Page 90
TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS......Page 93
RATE MEASUREMENTS OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES......Page 94
VERTICAL PROCESSES......Page 100
DIURNAL AND SUBDIURNAL DYNAMICS......Page 101
SUCCESSION......Page 102
FLUXES OF MATERIAL......Page 109
LITERATURE CITED......Page 112
BENTHIC MESOCOSM FACILITIES......Page 118
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS FROM BENTHIC MESOCOSMS......Page 120
GENERAL REMARKS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 124
LITERATURE CITED......Page 126
7. BENTHIC MESOCOSMS: II. BASIC RESEARCH INHARD-BOTTOM BENTHIC MESOCOSMS......Page 131
8. SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF MESO- AND MACROCOSMS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS IN FISHERIES RESEARCH......Page 145
DESCRIPTION OF METHODS......Page 146
RESULTS......Page 152
CONCLUDING REMARK......Page 158
LITERATURE CITED......Page 159
INTRODUCTION......Page 164
GOALS OF POLLUTION RESEARCH......Page 166
EXAMPLES OF STUDIES OF FATES......Page 167
EXAMPLES OF STUDIES OF EFFECTS......Page 172
DISCUSSION......Page 173
LITERATURE CITED......Page 175
INTRODUCTION......Page 178
THE BALTIC SEA ECOSYSTEM - A BRIEF OCEANOGRAPHIC INTRODUCTION......Page 179
RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ECOSYSTEM APPROACHES......Page 181
DISCUSSION......Page 187
LITERATURE CITED......Page 194
MESOCOSM DESIGNS: CONCEPTUAL AND PRACTICAL......Page 197
APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS......Page 198
EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGY FOR MESOCOSMS......Page 200
CONCLUSION......Page 201
LITERATURE CITED......Page 203
INTRODUCTION......Page 206
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 207
CONCLUSIONS......Page 215
LITERATURE CITED......Page 217
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 220
Coastal and Estuarine Studies......Page 228