Enabling Industry 4.0 through Advances in Mechatronics: Selected Articles from iM3F 2021, Malaysia (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 900)

✍ Scribed by Ismail Mohd. Khairuddin (editor), Muhammad Amirul Abdullah (editor), Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir (editor), Jessnor Arif Mat Jizat (editor), Mohd. Azraai Mohd. Razman (editor), Ahmad Shahrizan Abdul Ghani (editor), Muhammad Aizzat Zakaria (editor), Wan Hasbullah Mohd. Isa (editor), Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 569
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents part of the iM3F 2021 proceedings from the mechatronics track. It highlights key challenges and recent trends in mechatronics engineering and technology that are non-trivial in the age of Industry 4.0. It discusses traditional as well as modern solutions that are employed in the multitude spectra of mechatronics-based applications. The readers are expected to gain an insightful view on the current trends, issues, mitigating factors as well as solutions from this book.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Mapping and Navigation for Indoor Robot Using Multiple Sensor Under ROS Framework
1 Introduction
2 Robot Operating System
3 Methodology
3.1 Mobile Robot Setup
3.2 Initial Hardware Setup
3.3 Initial Software Setup
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Optimization of Waterjet Paint Removal Operation Using Artificial Neural Network
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Work
2.1 Material
2.2 Equipment
2.3 Experimental Design
2.4 ANN Model
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Light Path Simulation for Optical Switch Based on Digital Electromagnetic Actuators
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Working Principle of the Actuator
2.2 Optical Switch Design
3 Light Paths Simulation of Digital Actuators Optical Switch
3.1 Modelling of Elementary Actuator
3.2 Application for 2 × 2 and 5 × 5 Digital Actuators Optical Switch
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
An Application of Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Tomography System for Gemological Industry - A Review
1 Introduction
2 Basic Operating System of CCD
3 Applications of CCD
4 Applications of CCD in Gemological Field
4.1 Research Background
5 Conclusion
References
Prediction of Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Sheet Metals Using Artificial Neural Network
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Work
2.1 Equipment
2.2 Experimental Design
2.3 ANN Model
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
You Are Too Loud! Classification of Psychological Conditions for Stress Detection System Using Galvanic Skin Response
1 Introduction
2 Study Design
2.1 Subjects
2.2 Measures
2.3 Experimental Set Ups
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Physiological Analysis
3.2 Psychometric Analysis: Hypotheses Testing
4 Conclusions
References
Universiti Malaysia Pahang Autonomous Shuttle Development: Lane Classification Analysis Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Dataset
2.2 Data Acquisition
2.3 Training and Testing Network
2.4 Data Testing
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Image Segmentation
3.2 Evaluation on Deep Learning Method
3.3 Evaluation on Deep Learning Method on Sunny Day
4 Conclusion
References
Eco-Design of Electric Vehicle Battery Pack for Ease of Disassembly
1 Introduction
2 Design of Lithium-Ion EV Battery
2.1 Structure of Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB)
2.2 Disassembly Issues in Battery Systems
3 Methodology
3.1 Chevrolet Bolt EV (CBEV) Battery as a Design Reference
3.2 Design Phase of EV Battery Pack for Ease of Disassembly
3.3 Simulation and Testing
3.4 Validation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Design and Analysis
4.2 Simulation and Testing
4.3 Comparison of Proposed Design with CBEV
5 Conclusion
References
Electric Vehicle Drive Specification Modelling for Three Wheels Scooter Configuration
1 Introduction on Electric Vehicle
2 Electric Vehicle Technology Review
3 Electrical Vehicle Drive Specification
3.1 Electric Motor Specification Calculation
3.2 The Three Wheels Electric Vehicle Specifications
4 Electric Motor Specification Calculator
5 Specification Calculations and Simulation Results
6 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Experimentation on Spectra Data Regression Using Dense Multilayer Neural Networks with Common Pre-processing
1 Introduction
2 Calibration Method and Data Collection
3 Neural Networks for Regression
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
A Piecewise Affine System Modeling Approach of Thin McKibben Muscle Servo Actuator
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Thin McKibben Muscle Servo Actuator
2.2 Static and Dynamic Modeling
2.3 PWA System
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
A Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 Fuzzy Logic Controller for DC Motor System
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Type 1 Fuzzy Logic Controller
2.2 Type 2 Fuzzy Logic Controller
2.3 DC Motor Control System
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Modelling and PID Control of SEPIC-Boost Converter for 48 V Miniature Mild Hybrid System
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Converter for Mild Hybrid System
2.1 DC/DC Converter Design
2.2 PID Feedback System
3 Simulation Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Particle Swarm Optimization with Multi-Chaotic Scheme for Global Optimization
1 Introduction
2 Conventional PSO
3 PSOMCS
4 Comparative Studies
5 Conclusion
References
Flexible Wearable Microstrip Antenna with DGS and Shorting Post for WBAN Application
1 Introduction
2 Antenna Design
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
PID Controller Based on Bird Mating Optimizer for Vibration Cancellation of Horizontal Flexible Plate
1 Introduction
2 Methodology for Vibration Data Collection
3 Bird Mating Optimizer Algorithm
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 The Modelling System Based on Bird Mating Optimizer (BMO) Algorithm
4.2 PID Controller Development in Active Vibration Control System
5 Conclusion
References
Hub Angle Control of Flexible Manipulator Based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup of the Flexible Manipulator System
3 Bacterial Foraging Optimization
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 The Modelling of Hub Angle via Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO)
4.2 PID Controller Development in Active Vibration Control
5 Conclusion
References
Position and Attitude Control of Quadrotor MAV Using Sliding Mode Control with Tanh Function
1 Introduction
2 Quadrotor Systems Modelling
2.1 Quadrotor State Space Representation
3 Control Design
3.1 Stability Analysis
3.2 Attitude and Altitude Control
3.3 Position Control
4 Simulation Results
4.1 Experiment 1: Circle Trajectory Without Perturbation
4.2 Experiment 2: Circle Trajectory with Perturbation
5 Conclusion
References
On the Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS) Optimization Using Firefly Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Problem Statement
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Software Description
3.3 Parameters Implementation
3.4 Project Requirement
3.5 Project Design
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Simulation Results in 16QAM Modulation
4.2 Simulation Results in QPSK Modulation
4.3 Performance of Bit Error Rate (BER)
5 Conclusion
References
A Comparison of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Hyperspectral Image Classification
1 Introduction
2 Hyperspectral Image
3 Convolutional Neural Networks
4 Support Vector Machines
5 K-Nearest Neighbors
6 Artificial Neural Networks
7 Hyperspectral Image Data Collection
7.1 Pavia University Dataset
7.2 Indian Pines Dataset
7.3 Salinas Dataset
8 Principal Component Analysis
9 Classification Results Using Machine Learning
10 Classification Results Using Deep Learning
11 Overall Results
12 Conclusions
References
Identify Target Area of Panel for Spraying Using Convolutional Neural Network
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Pre-processing of Datasets
2.2 Train Network
2.3 Measurement Parameters
2.4 System Design Process
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Evaluation on Series CNN
3.2 Evaluation on Semantic CNN
3.3 Evaluation of System to Identify the Target Area of Car Parts
4 Conclusion
References
Navigation of Cart Follower Using Artificial Intelligence
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Project Implementation Workflow
2.2 Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm
2.3 Object Tracking Algorithm
2.4 Control of Motor Movement
2.5 Hardware Interface
2.6 Project’s Prototype
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm
3.2 Object Tracking Algorithm
4 Conclusions
References
Object Tracking for Autonomous Vehicle Using YOLO V3
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Machine Learning Algorithm: YOLO (You Only Look Once) V3
2.2 Data Acquisition and Data Pre-processing
2.3 Model Training
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
A Brief Review on Motion Sickness for Autonomous Vehicle
1 Introduction
2 Factors of Motion Sickness
3 Strategies to Minimise Motion Sickness in Autonomous Vehicle
4 Conclusion
References
Investigation of the Combination of Kinematic Path Planning and Artificial Potential Field Path Planning with PI Controller for Autonomous Emergency Braking Pedestrian (AEB-P) System
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Analysis on Autonomous Emergency Braking Pedestrian (AEB-P) System
2.1 The Architecture of the AEB-P System
2.2 Vehicle Dynamic Modelling
2.3 AEB-P Path Planner
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Dry Road Surface Condition
3.2 Wet road surface condition
4 Conclusion
References
Simulation Studies on Bimorph and Unimorph PZT Piezoelectric Transducer for Energy Harvesting Application
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Parametric Analysis on Various Proof Mass and Piezoelectric Material
4.2 Parametric Analysis on Various Length, Width and Thickness Dimension
5 Conclusion
References
Simulated Kalman Filter with Modified Measurement, Substitution Mutation and Hamming Distance Calculation for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Discrete Simulated Kalman Filter Optimizer (DSKFO)
3 Discrete Simulated Kalman Filter Optimizer (DSKFO) for Solving Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP)
4 Experiment, Result, and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Development of Heart Rate Sensor Warning System to Estimate driver’s Cognitive Distraction Level
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Participants
2.2 Heart Rate Warning System Device
2.3 Experiment Setup
2.4 Experiment Procedure
2.5 Statistical Analysis
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Physiological Measurement
3.2 Performance Measurement
3.3 Subjective Measurement
3.4 Performance of Device
4 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Gain Scaling Tuning of Fuzzy Logic Sugeno Controller Type for Ride Comfort Suspension System Using Firefly Algorithm
1 Introduction
2 Semi-Active Suspension Modelling
3 FL Controller Design and Optimization
3.1 Firefly Algorithm
4 Result and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Evaluation of a DC Motor Temperature Response Characterization Method Under Different Sampling Interval
1 Introduction
1.1 Electric Motor Fault Diagnosis
1.2 Temperature Response Characteristics
2 Methodology
2.1 Temperature Response Characterization Algorithm
2.2 The Experimental Test Bench
3 Results and Analysis
3.1 Experimental Temperature Response
3.2 Analysis of the Sampling Resolution Influence
4 Conclusion
A Appendix
References
Intelligent Optimization of Novel Particle Swarm Optimization with Explorer (PSOE) for Identification of Flexible Manipulator System
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup of Single-link Flexible Manipulator
3 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
4 Particle Swarm Optimization with Explorer (PSOE)
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Modeling Using Particle Swarm Optimization with Explorer (PSOE)
5.2 Modeling Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
5.3 Comparative Assessment
6 Conclusion
References
SCADA System for Industrial Manipulator PLC Trainer
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Proposed Methodology
2.2 Testing and Validation of the Whole System
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Hardware Configuration
3.2 Operational Design
3.3 Testing and Validation of the Whole System
4 Conclusion
References
A Self-adaptive Hybridized Algorithm with Intelligent Selection Scheme for Global Optimization
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Conventional DE
2.2 Conventional PSO
3 SADE-PSO
4 Comparative Studies
5 Conclusion
References
Development of Small Scale Machine for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) to Assess Structural Integrity of Composite
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Working Principle of Ultrasonic Testing
1.2 Role of Motion Study and Vibration Testing
2 Methodology
2.1 Designing
2.2 Frame Development
2.3 Axis and Holder Installation and Finishing
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Structural Analysis
3.2 Vibration Test
3.3 Motion Study
4 Conclusion
References
Hands and Fingers Tracking for Tactile Graphics Reading Assistive Device
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 MediaPipe for Hands and Fingers Tracking
2.2 Benchmark Experiment
3 Results
4 Preliminary Design of Tactile Graphics Reading Assistive Device
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Assembly Sequence Optimization Using the Bees Algorithm
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Optimization of Assembly Sequence Planning
2.2 Bees in Nature
2.3 The Bees Algorithm
2.4 Motor Drive Assembly
3 Methodology
3.1 Calculating Fitness Function
4 Result and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
The Application of Conjugate Gradient Method to Motion Control of Robotic Manipulators
1 Introduction
2 New Method and Algorithm
2.1 Convergence Analysis
3 Numerical Experiments
3.1 Problem of Motion Control for Robotic Manipulator
3.2 Unconstrained Optimization Problems
4 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Multiple Prediction Techniques of Received Signal Strength to Reduce Surveying Effort in Indoor Positioning
1 Introduction
2 Signal Prediction Algorithms
2.1 Mean Function
2.2 Mode Function
2.3 Random Function
2.4 Bayesian Support Vector Regression
3 Experiment
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
An Approach to Neutral Steering of a 4WIS Vehicle with Yaw Moment Control
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Block Diagram for the Simulation
2.2 Simulation Procedural
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Steering Characteristic of the Simulation Model by Steady State Cornering Test
3.2 Yaw Rate of 4WIS Vehicle After Implemented PID Control System
3.3 Rear-wheel Steering Angle of 4WIS Vehicle After Implement PID Control System
4 Conclusion
References
Investigation of Electroencephalogram (EEG) Sensor Position for Brain-Controlled Home Automation
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Analyses of Public EEG Datasets
2.2 Example of Public EEG Datasets
2.3 EEG Sensors/Electrode Position
2.4 Feature Extraction
2.5 EEG Feature Classification Using k-NN
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Modeling and Analysis of Omnidirectional Wheeled Vehicles Using Velocity-Based Impedance Control
1 Introduction
2 Velocity Input Shaping Using Impedance Control on OMWV
2.1 Dynamic Model of the Omnidirectional Wheeled Vehicle Platform
2.2 Velocity Input Shaping Using Impedance Control
3 Results and Analysis
3.1 Kinematic Analysis of Omnidirectional Mecanum Wheeled Vehicle
4 Conclusion
References
An Observation of Different Clustering Algorithms and Clustering Evaluation Criteria for a Feature Selection Based on Linear Discriminant Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
2.1 Clustering Algorithms
2.2 Clustering Evaluation Criterions
2.3 MSOLS Feature Selection Guided by LDA
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
Recent Advances and Open Challenges in RFID Antenna Applications
1 Introduction
2 Types of UHF Antenna
2.1 Microstrip Antenna
2.2 Reflector Antenna
2.3 Yagi Antenna
2.4 Planar Antenna
2.5 Log Periodic Dipole Antenna
3 Review of UHF Antenna Applications
3.1 Telecommunication Technology
3.2 Biomedical Technology
3.3 Agricultural Technology
3.4 Livestock Farming Technology
3.5 UHF RFID Antenna Application in Other Technologies
4 Issues with Possible Solutions
5 Conclusion
References
Investigating Vehicle Characteristics Behaviour for Roundabout Cornering
1 Introduction
2 Previous Work
3 Methodology
3.1 Vehicle Configuration
3.2 Procedure Configuration
3.3 Road Configuration
3.4 Stability Analysis
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Yaw Rate
4.2 Sideslip Angle
5 Conclusion
References
Rice Disease Identification Through Leaf Image and IoT Based Smart Rice Field Monitoring System
1 Introduction
2 Brief Explanation of Proposed System
2.1 Data Collection
2.2 Data Augmentation
3 Operational Workflow
3.1 Sending Sensor’s Data to User
3.2 Sending Leaf Image and Condition to User
4 Image Processing Using CNN
4.1 Convolution Layer
4.2 Pooling Layer
4.3 Fully Connected Layer
4.4 Softmax
5 Result and Discussions
5.1 Sensors Data in Webpage
5.2 Leaf Image, Disease Name and Medication Showing in Webpage
6 Conclusion
References
Chili Plant Classification Using Transfer Learning Models Through Object Detection
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Experimental Setup
2.2 Dataset Mining
2.3 Pre-processing
2.4 Model Training
2.5 Performance Evaluation
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Accuracy of the Models on Hyper Parameter Optimization
3.2 Accuracy of the Models on Transfer Learning
4 Conclusion
References
The Classification of Impact Signal of 6 DOF Cobot by Means of Machine Learning Model
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Data Acquisition Device and Configuration
2.2 OMRON TM5 Collaborative Robot
2.3 Experimental Protocol
2.4 Signal Preprocessing, Feature Extraction and Selection
2.5 Classification
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
A Cluster Analysis of Identifying Team and Individual Sports Athlete Based on Anthropometric, Health and Skill Related Components
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Participants
2.2 Anthropometric Evaluation
2.3 Health-Related Fitness Component
2.4 Skill Related Fitness Component
2.5 Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Analysis (HACA)
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Vision-Based Human Presence Detection by Means of Transfer Learning Approach
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Image Acquisition
2.2 Image Annotation
2.3 TensorFlow Records (TFRecords) Generation and Label Map Preparation
2.4 Transfer Learning—Fine Tuning
2.5 Performance Evaluation
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References