EMT Exam Review Secrets Study Guide

• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 195
• Edition: 3
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Introduction
Secret Key #1 – Plan Big, Study Small
Secret Key #2 – Make Your Studying Count
Secret Key #3 – Practice the Right Way
Untimed and Open-Book Practice
Timed and Open-Book Practice
Timed and Closed-Book Practice
Secret Key #4 – Pace Yourself
Secret Key #5 – Have a Plan for Guessing
Test-Taking Strategies
Read Carefully
Contextual Clues
Prefixes
Hedge Words
Switchback Words
Face Value
Answer Selection
Answer Choice Families
Eliminate Answers
Avoid Fact Traps
Extreme Statements
Benchmark
Predict the Answer
Tough Questions
Check Your Work
Pace Yourself
Don’t Rush
Keep Moving
Preparatory
EMS Systems
Patient Safety and High-Risk Situations
Roles and Responsibilities of EMS Personnel
National EMS Education Agenda for the Future: A Systems Approach
Quality Improvement
Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)
Research
Evidence-Based Decision Making
Methods of Data Collection
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Hand Hygiene and Gloves
Procedures for Exposure/Contamination
Isolation Guidelines
Transmission-Based Precautions
Immunizations for EMS Personnel
Stress
Prevention of Response-Related Injuries
End of Life/Death and Dying
Signs and Symbols
Principles of Body Mechanics
Moving and Lifting Patients
Backboards and Cervical Collars
Restraints
Emergency Moves
Minimum Data Sets
Prehospital Care Report
Narrative Documentation
Patient Refusal of Medical Care
Special Situations
EMS System Communication
Communication with Medical Control
Phone/Cellular Communication and Interpersonal Communication with Patients
Effective Communication and Interviewing Techniques
Special Interview Situations
Dynamics of the Communication Process
Therapeutic Communication
Cultural Considerations
Cultural Competence
Interviewing Techniques
Conditions for Consent
Informed Consent
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
Advance Directives, Durable Power of Attorney, and Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Order
Patient Refusal of Medical Care
Negligence
Civil and Criminal Offenses
Statutory Responsibilities and Mandatory Reporting
Evidence Preservation
Ethical Principles and Moral Obligations
Decision-Making Models
Anatomy and Physiology
Body Planes and Anatomic Terms
Medical Terminology
Common Medical Prefixes
Pathophysiology
Respiratory Compromise
Shock
Control of Respirations
Ventilation (V)/Perfusion (Q) Ratio and Mismatch
Myocardial Effectiveness
Blood Pressure (BP)
Life Span Development
Normal Vital Signs from Neonate to Older Adulthood
Levels of Disease Prevention
Public Health
Public Health System
Safety Equipment and Education
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
Commonly Administered Medications
Assistance with Medications and the Five Rights of Medication Administration
Airway Management, Respirations, and Artificial Ventilation
Respiratory (Airway) System
Life Support Chain
Terms Associated with the Physiology of Respiration
Airway Assessment and Manual Measures to Clear the Airway
Ventilation
Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA)
Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)
Bag-Valve Mask (BVM)
Sellick’s Maneuver (Cricoid Pressure)
Normal Negative-Pressure Breathing and Positive-Pressure Breathing
Recovery Position
Upper Airway Suctioning
Portable Oxygen Cylinders
Physiology of Respiration
Assessment of Oxygenation
Assessment of Respirations and Supplemental Oxygen Administration
Pulse Oximetry
Oxygen Delivery Devices
Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Devices
Pocket-Mask Ventilation
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
Assessment
Primary Assessment
History Taking on Arrival at a Scene
OPQRST Method of History Taking
SAMPLE Method of History Taking
Taking a History of Sensitive Topics
Special History-Taking Challenges
Secondary Assessment
Assessing the Patient’s Level of Consciousness
Reassessment
Medicine
Circulatory System
Altered Mental Status
Neurological System
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen
Types of Headaches
Seizures
Partial Seizures
Status Epilepticus
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
Acute Abdomen
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
Peritonitis
Pediatric and Geriatric Patients with Abdominal Pain
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease
Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis
Infectious and Contagious Diseases
Decontaminating an Ambulance
Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding
Endocrine Disorders
Diabetic Conditions
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS) or Coma (HHNK)
Hypoglycemia
Assessment of Psychiatric Patients
Behavioral Alterations
Calming Patients with Behavioral Emergencies
Suicidal Ideation
Agitated/Excited Delirium
Restraints
Circulatory System
Components of the Blood
Angina and Heart Attack
Perfusion, Oxygenation of Tissues, and Cardiac Compromise
Management of a Patient with Chest Pain
Cardiogenic Shock
Hypertensive Crisis
Angina Pectoris (Stable)
Angina Pectoris (Unstable, Variant/Prinzmetal’s)
Myocardial Infarction (MI—Heart Attack)
Poisoning
Nerve Agents/Cholinergics
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Poison Control Resources
Autoinjectors
Age-Related Concerns Related to Toxicology
Substance Abuse
Ethanol (Alcohol) Abuse and Withdrawal
Nonnarcotic Medication Overdose
Narcotics
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Epiglottitis
Respiratory Conditions
Metered-Dose Inhaler (MIDI/MDI) and the Small-Volume Nebulizer
Sickle Cell Disease
Clotting Disorders
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis
Urinary Catheter Management
Vaginal Bleeding
Female Reproductive System
Sexual Assault
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Musculoskeletal System
Nontraumatic Fractures
Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
Shock and Resuscitation
Shock
Respiratory Failure/Arrest
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for Cardiac Arrest
Ethical Issues in Withholding Resuscitation Attempts
Heimlich Maneuver
Emergency Defibrillation with an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Trauma
Blunt Trauma (Nonbleeding)
Penetrating Trauma (Bleeding)
Revised Trauma Score (RTS)and Primary Assessment
Types of Bleeding
Prehospital
Chest Wounds
Blunt Cardiac Trauma
Jugular Venous Pressure
Fractured Ribs and Flail Chest
Hemothorax
Tension Pneumothorax
Abdominal Regions of the Body
Peritoneal Spaces and the Anatomy of the Abdominal and Genitourinary Systems
Abdominal Trauma
Pneumatic Antishock Garment (PASG)
Orthopedic Trauma
Strains and Sprains
Pelvic Fractures
Types of Fractures
Prehospital Management of Fractures
Femur/Hip Fractures
Assessment of Musculoskeletal Injuries and the Types of Splints
Open Soft-Tissue Injuries
Closed Soft-Tissue Injuries
Classification of Burns and the Rule of Nines
Management of Burns
Dressings and Bandages
Head Injuries
Brain and Cervical Spine Injuries
Anatomy of the Brain and Spinal Cord
Intracranial Hematomas
Concussion
Signs of Increasing Intracranial Pressure
Nonspinal Neck Injuries and Nasal Fractures
Facial and Dental Injuries
Mandibular Fractures, Laryngotracheal Injuries, and Non-CNS-Associated Spinal Trauma
Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye and Eye Conditions
Orbital Fractures and Perforated Tympanic Membrane
Skull Fractures
Spinal Injuries and Spinal Cord Injuries
Brain Injuries, the Coup/Contrecoup Pattern, and Posturing
Pregnancy Trauma
Pediatric Trauma
Geriatric Trauma
Trauma in Cognitively Impaired Patients
Generalized Hypothermia
Decompression Sickness
Heat-Related Illnesses
Frostbite/Freezing
Submersion/Drowning
Insect Bites
Spider Bites
Snakebites
Electrical Injuries
Lightning Injuries
Multisystem Trauma
Blast Injuries
Special Patient Populations
Premonitory Signs of Labor
Stages of Labor
Organs of Pregnancy and Vaginal Bleeding
Spontaneous and Elective Abortion and Ectopic Pregnancy
Delivery of a Newborn
Complications of Pregnancy and Labor
Complications of Delivery
Prolapse of the Umbilical Cord
Initial Care of the Newborn
APGAR Assessment
Routine Care of the Newborn
Pediatric Considerations
Pediatric Assessment
Pediatric Seizures
Growth and Development of Pediatric Patients
Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTEs) and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Geriatric Considerations
Delirium
Heart Failure
Chronic Versus Acute Heart Failure
Thromboembolism and Pulmonary Embolism
Dementia
Elder Abuse
Child Abuse
Neglect and Lack of Supervised Care
Injuries Consistent with Domestic Violence/Abuse
Patients with Special Challenges
EMS Operations
Apparatus and Equipment Readiness
Scene-of-Incident Safety Considerations
Transferring a Patient from the Scene to an Ambulance
Environmental Risk Factors
Rescues in Confined Spaces
Driving Safety
Lights and Sirens
Incident Management
FEMA IS-700.A NIMS
ICS-100.B
Chain of Command/Unity of Command/Unified Command
Incident Action Plan
Incident Commander
Primary Triage and Resource Management
Secondary Triage/Retriage
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for Field Triage of Injured Patients
START Method of Triage
JumpSTART Method of Triage for Pediatric Patients
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)
Air Medical Transport
Communication Issues Associated with Air Medical Services
State and Federal Regulations Regarding Air Medical Services
Safe Extrication from a Motor Vehicle (Car, Truck)
Bus Extrication
Aircraft Extrication
Extrication Considerations
Multistep Rescue Process
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Hazardous Materials and Exposure
Chemical Hazardous Waste Materials
Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)
Multiple-Casualty Incidents Versus Mass-Casualty Incidents
Role of the Transportation Officer in a Mass-Casualty Incident
Role of Triage in a Mass-Casualty Incident Related to Terrorism or a Disaster
Increasing Survival in Mass-Casualty Shooting and Improvised Explosive Device Incidents
Safety Issues Associated with Active Shooters and Terrorist Bomb Attacks
Bomb Threat Standoff Recommendations
B-NICE Hazardous Material (Hazmat) Incidents Associated with Terrorist Attacks
“All-Hazards” Safety Approach to Mass-Casualty Incidents
Treating Terrorists and Criminals
EMT Practice Test
Answer Key and Explanations
How to Overcome Test Anxiety
Causes of Test Anxiety
Elements of Test Anxiety
Effects of Test Anxiety
Physical Steps for Beating Test Anxiety
Mental Steps for Beating Test Anxiety
Study Strategy
Step 1: Scope Out the Test
Step 2: Map Out the Material
Step 3: Gather Your Tools
Step 4: Create Your Environment
Step 5: Study!
Step 6: Take a practice test
Test Tips
Important Qualification
Tell Us Your Story
Additional Bonus Material