Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology

✍ Scribed by Zishan Husain Khan (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 386
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book discusses new trends in nanotechnology. It covers a wide range of topics starting from applications of nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells, pharmacy, and dentistry to self-assembled growth of GaN nanostructures on flexible metal foils by laser molecular beam epitaxy. It also includes other interesting topics such as advancement in carbon nanotubes; processing techniques, purification and industrial applications, metal di-chalcogenides for waste water treatment and recent advancement in nanostructured-based electrochemical genosensors for pathogen detection and many more. The book will be of great interest to researchers, professionals and students working in the areas of nanomaterials and nanotechnology.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editor
1 Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Graphene
1.1.2 Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN)
1.1.3 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs)
1.1.4 Photocatalysis: Fundamentals, Processes and Mechanism
1.1.5 Synthesis and Characterization of TiS2 and Its Nanocomposites
1.1.6 Photocatalytic Properties of TiS2 and Its Nanocomposites
1.2 Conclusion
References
2 Studies on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Incorporated with Perovskite as Sensitizer Dye
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
2.2.1 Components of DSSC
2.3 Perovskite Sensitized Solar Cell (PSSC)
2.4 Experimental Results and Discussions
2.4.1 Ethyl Ammonium Iodide: Used as Light Sensitizer in Perovskite Sensitized Solar Cell
2.4.2 Methyl Ammonium Iodide Powder and Crystal: Used as Light Sensitizer in Perovskite Sensitized Solar Cell
2.4.3 Methyl Ammonium Tin Chloride Powder and Crystal: Used as Light Sensitizer in Perovskite Sensitized Solar Cell
2.4.4 Comparative Photovoltaic Study of Lead and Tin-Based Perovskite Sensitized Solar Cell Using Polymer Electrolyte
2.5 Conclusion
References
3 Nanomaterials: A Windfall to Dentistry
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Classification of Nanomaterials
3.3 Applications of Nanodentistry
3.3.1 Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials
3.3.2 Nanorobots in Dentistry: The Futuristic Approach
3.3.3 Bionanosurface Technology and Dental Implants
3.3.4 Bone Replacement Materials
3.3.5 Dental Caries
3.3.6 Tissue Engineering and Tooth Replacement
3.3.7 Nanotechnology in Prosthodontics
3.3.8 Dental Cements
3.3.9 Nanotechnology in Orthodontics
3.3.10 Nanotechnology in Periodontology
3.4 Challenges and Acceptance of Nanodentistry
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Nanostructured Abrasive Materials for Ultraprecision Finishing of High-Performance Materials
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Ultraprecision Finishing Using Grinding Wheels
4.3 Ultraprecision Finishing: Development of Nanostructured Abrasive Materials
4.3.1 Fused Abrasive Grits
4.3.2 Sintered Abrasive Grits
4.3.3 High Porosity Bonded Abrasive Grits
4.4 Conclusions
Appendix 4.1
Appendix 4.2
References
5 Self-assembled Growth of GaN Nanostructures on Flexible Metal Foils by Laser Molecular Beam Epitaxy
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental Section
5.3 Result and Discussion
5.3.1 Growth of GaN Islands and Films on Cu and Graphene/Cu Foils
5.3.2 Growth of GaN Nanorods on Flexible Tungsten Metal Foil
5.3.3 Growth of GaN Nanorods on Flexible Titanium Metal Foil
5.3.4 Vertical Self-aligned GaN Nanorods on Tantalum Metal Foils
5.4 Conclusion and Future Remarks
References
6 Antibacterial and Anticancer Activity of Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sample Preparation and Its Analysis
6.2.1 Antibacterial Study of Au-NPs
6.2.2 Bacteria and Au-NPs Association by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
6.2.3 Cell Culture and Exposure to Au-NPs
6.3 Results and Discussion
6.3.1 Antibacterial Activity of (Au-NPs)
6.3.2 Anticancer Activity of Au-NPs
6.4 Conclusions
References
7 ZnCdS Thin Film: Preparation, Properties and Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Semiconducting Materials
7.3 Nanotechnology
7.4 Thin Film
7.5 Deposition Technique for Thin Film
7.5.1 Physical Process
7.5.2 Chemical Process
7.6 Different Processes of Thin Film Deposited with the Help of CBD Technique
7.6.1 Ion-by-Ion Process
7.6.2 Cluster-by-Cluster Process
7.6.3 Mixed Process
7.7 Solar Energy
7.7.1 Solar Energy Utilization
7.7.2 Types of Solar Cells
7.7.3 Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Solar Cell
7.7.4 Parameters Used for PEC Solar Cell
7.7.5 Photoelectrolysis Solar Cell
7.8 Different Types of Semiconducting Materials
7.8.1 Importance of ZnCdS Film
7.8.2 Chemical Reactions Involved for the Synthesis of ZnCdS Thin Films with Aqueous Medium
7.8.3 Growth Process Through CBD
7.8.4 Preparation of ZnCdS Films Using CBD Method in Non-aqueous Medium
7.8.5 Preparation of Bath
7.9 Properties of ZnCdS Thin Films
7.9.1 Structural Properties
7.9.2 Influence of Annealing
7.9.3 Influence of Varying Zn Concentration 0.2 to 0.5 Wt% on ZnCdS Thin Films Using the Relation (X = ZnCl2/CdCl2 + ZnCl2) in Chemical Bath
7.10 Surface Morphological Properties
7.10.1 Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)
7.10.2 Influence of Varying Zn Concentration (0.2–0.5) on Surface Morphology of ZnCdS Thin Films
7.11 Optical Properties
7.11.1 Optical Absorption and Energy Bandgap
7.12 Applications of ZnCdS Thin Film
7.13 Applications of Thin Film Technology
7.13.1 Engineering/Processing
7.13.2 Optics
7.13.3 Optoelectronics
7.13.4 Electronics
7.13.5 Cryotechnics
7.13.6 Magnetic Applications
7.13.7 Sensorics
7.13.8 Biomedicine
7.14 Conclusion
References
8 Nanomaterials for Pharmaceutical Applications
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Role of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Pharmaceuticals
8.3 Nanomaterials in Imaging and Diagnostics
8.4 Nanomaterials in Therapeutics
8.5 Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery
8.5.1 Micelles
8.5.2 Dendrimers
8.5.3 Liposomes
8.5.4 Polymeric Nanoparticles
8.5.5 Solid-Lipid Nanoparticles
8.5.6 Niosomes
8.5.7 Hydrogels
8.5.8 Nanoemulsions
8.5.9 Nanosuspension
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 PDMS on ZnO Thin Film: A Mask for ZnO Thin Film in MEMS Fabrication
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Experimental Work
9.2.1 Sample Preparation
9.2.2 Cured PDMS Removal
9.2.3 Characterizations
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.4 Conclusion
References
10 Photoluminescence and Chemoresistive Gas Sensing: A Comparative Study Using V2O5 Nanostructures for NH3
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Gas Sensing Mechanism in Metal Oxides
10.2 Gas Sensing Methods
10.2.1 Photoluminescence Optical Gas Sensing
10.2.2 Chemoresistive Gas Sensing
10.3 Experimental Details
10.3.1 Synthesis of Materials
10.3.2 Thin Film Preparation for Sensing Study
10.3.3 Gas Sensing Setup
10.4 Results and Discussion
10.4.1 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
10.4.2 UV–Visible Spectroscopy Analysis
10.4.3 High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) Analysis
10.4.4 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
10.4.5 Photoluminescence Analysis
10.4.6 Gas Sensing Study and Comparison
10.5 Conclusion
References
11 Advancement in Carbon Nanotubes: Processing Techniques, Purification and Industrial Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs)
11.1.2 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)
11.2 Production of CNTs
11.2.1 Large-Scale Production Techniques
11.2.2 Small-Scale Production Techniques
11.3 Purification of CNTs
11.3.1 Oxidation
11.3.2 Acid Treatment
11.3.3 Annealing
11.3.4 Ultrasonication
11.3.5 Magnetic Purification
11.3.6 Micro Filtration
11.3.7 Functionalization
11.3.8 Cutting
11.3.9 Chromatography
11.4 CNTs in Composite Materials
11.4.1 CNT-Based Metal Matrix Composites
11.4.2 CNT-Based Ceramic Matrix Composites
11.4.3 CNT-Based Polymer Matrix Composites
11.5 Industrial Applications
11.6 Conclusion
References
12 Recent Advancement in Nanostructured-Based Electrochemical Genosensors for Pathogen Detection
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Pathogens
12.2.1 Bacterial Pathogens
12.2.2 Viral Pathogens
12.2.3 Fungal Pathogens
12.2.4 Parasites Pathogens
12.3 Nanostructured Materials
12.3.1 Classification of Nanostructured Materials
12.3.2 Classification of Nanomaterials Based on Dimensions
12.4 Biosensors and Their Types
12.4.1 Component of Biosensors
12.4.2 Types of Biosensors
12.5 Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Types
12.5.1 Amperometric Biosensors
12.5.2 Potentiometric Biosensors
12.5.3 Conductometric Biosensors
12.6 Electrochemical Genosensors for Pathogen Detection
12.7 Conclusions
References
13 Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Dyes and Organic Dye-Polymer Nanocomposites
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Brief Background of Nonlinear Optics and Applications
13.1.2 Z-Scan Technique
13.1.3 Experimental Arrangement of Z-Scan Technique
13.2 Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Dyes
13.3 Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Dye Embedded in Polymer Nanocomposite
13.4 Conclusions
References