Emerging Treatment Technologies for Waste Management

✍ Scribed by Izharul Haq (editor), Ajay S. Kalamdhad (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 265
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book is focused on the current status of industrial pollution, its source, characteristics, and management through various advanced treatment technologies. The book covers the recycle, reuse and recovery of waste for the production of value-added products. The book explores industrial wastewater pollution and its treatment through various advanced technologies and also the source and characteristics of solid waste and its management for environmental safety. It discusses new methods and technologies to combat the waste-related pollution and focuses on the use of recycled products. This book is of value to upcoming students, researchers, scientists, industry persons and professionals in the field of environmental science and engineering, microbiology, biotechnology, toxicology, further it is useful for global and local authorities and policy makers responsible for the management of liquid and solid wastes.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1: Recent Advances in Physicochemical and Biological Approaches for Degradation and Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Sources and Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater
1.2.1 Pulp Paper Industry Wastewater
1.2.2 Distillery Industry Wastewater
1.2.3 Textile Industry Wastewater
1.2.4 Tannery Industry Wastewater
1.2.5 Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewater
1.2.6 Chemical Industry Wastewater
1.3 Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology
1.3.1 Physicochemical Treatment Approaches
1.3.1.1 Screening
1.3.1.2 Comminution
1.3.1.3 Flow Equalization
Sedimentation
Horizontal Flow
Solid Contact Clarifiers
1.3.1.4 Flotation
1.3.1.5 Adsorption with Activated Carbon
1.3.1.6 Ozonation
1.3.2 Principles of Biological Treatment
1.3.3 Biological Treatment Approaches
1.3.3.1 Aerobic Treatment
Oxidation Ponds
Aeration Lagoons
1.3.3.2 Anaerobic Treatment
Anaerobic Digestions
Anaerobic Lagoons
1.3.3.3 Bioreactor
1.3.3.4 Activated Sludge
1.3.3.5 Biological Nutrient Removals
Biological Nitrogen Removal
Biological Phosphorus Removal
1.3.3.6 Phytoremediation
1.4 Strategy and Challenges for Wastewater Management
1.5 Conclusions
References
2: Bioremediation of Hexavalent Chromium from Industrial Effluents
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Chromium Industrial Applications
2.3 Soil Chromium Transformations: Mobility and Bioavailability
2.4 The Phase of Chromium
2.5 Cr (IV) Specification
2.6 Oxidation/Reduction Reactions in Soil
2.7 Toxicity of Chromium
2.8 Evaluation and Chemical Processing of Chromium in Various Solid Wastes
2.9 Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR)
2.10 Leather Tannery Contaminated Soil
2.11 Electroplating Sludge and Contaminated Soil
2.12 Metallurgical and Construction Waste Contaminates
2.13 Contamination from Waste from Mines
2.14 Pollution from Municipal Hazardous Waste and Polluted Soil
2.15 Biological Removal of Chromium in Various Industrial Waste Products
2.15.1 Chromite Trace Mining Ore
2.15.2 Leather Tannery Contained Soil
2.15.3 Polluted Soil and Sludge from Electroplating
2.15.4 Metallurgical and Construction Waste Contaminates
2.16 Conclusion
References
3: Integration of Nanotechnologies for Sustainable Remediation of Environmental Pollutants
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Present Day Treatment Methods for the Ouster of Pollutants
3.3 Nanotechnology
3.3.1 Properties of Nanoparticles
3.4 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
3.4.1 Synthesis of Nanoparticles Utilizing Plants
3.4.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles Utilizing Bacteria
3.4.3 Synthesis of Nanoparticles Utilizing Fungi and Yeast
3.4.4 Synthesis of Nanoparticles Utilizing Algae
3.4.5 Remediation Using Biogenic Polysaccharide
3.5 Nanobioremediation
3.6 Conclusion
References
4: Arsenic Removal Using Nanotechnology
4.1 Introduction
4.2 As Toxicity
4.3 Acute Poisoning
4.4 Chronic Poisoning
4.5 Conventional Methods for As Removal
4.6 Oxidation
4.7 Coagulation-Flocculation
4.8 Membrane Technologies
4.9 Adsorption and Ion Exchange
4.10 Carbon Nanotubes
4.11 Titanium Based Nanoparticles
4.12 Iron Based Nanoparticles
4.13 Ceria Nanoparticles
4.14 Zirconium Based Nanoparticles
4.15 Yttrium Based Nanoparticles
4.16 Perlite Nanocomposites
4.17 Biochar Nanocomposite
4.18 Polymeric Nanocomposites
4.19 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
5: Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater: Sources of Contamination, Toxicity, and Removal Approaches
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Emerging Contaminants
5.2.1 Pesticides
5.2.2 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
5.2.3 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)
5.2.4 Pharmaceutical Personal Care Products (PPCPs)
5.2.5 Naturally Occurring Emerging Contaminants
5.2.6 Microplastic
5.3 Source of Contamination of Emerging Contaminants
5.3.1 Domestic and Hospital Effluents
5.3.2 Industrial Wastewater
5.3.3 Agriculture Runoff
5.4 Pollution and Toxicity of Emerging Contaminants
5.4.1 Adverse Impacts on Human Health and Biodiversity
5.4.2 Water Pollution
5.4.3 Soil Pollution
5.5 Removal Approaches
5.5.1 Physical Treatments
5.5.2 Chemical Treatment
5.5.3 Biological Treatments
5.5.3.1 Constructed Wetlands
5.5.3.2 Biological Trickling Filter
5.5.3.3 Biologically Activated Carbon
5.5.3.4 Biosorption
5.5.3.5 Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
5.5.3.6 Phytoremediation
5.6 Conclusion
References
6: Application of Biochar for Sustainable Development in Agriculture and Environmental Remediation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Production of Biochar
6.3 Biochar and Microorganism
6.4 Application of Biochar
6.4.1 Increased Soil Fertility
6.4.2 Water Retention in Soil
6.4.3 Increased Crop Yield
6.4.4 Restoring the Soil Properties
6.4.4.1 Effects of Biochar on Soil Physical Properties
Soil Structure
6.4.4.2 Porosity, Aggregate Stability, Soil Surface, Bulk Density, Penetration Resistance Porosity
Soil Density
Surface Area
Soil Water
6.4.4.3 Liming Effect in Soil/Reduced Toxicity and pH
6.4.5 Improve Soil Organic Carbon (SOC)
6.4.6 Role of Biochar in Climate Change
6.4.6.1 N2O and CH4 Emissions
6.4.6.2 Carbon Sequestering
6.4.7 Bioenergy from Agricultural and Forestry Residues
6.5 Conclusion
References
7: Life Cycle Analysis to Estimate Environmental Impact of the Food Industry
7.1 Introduction
7.2 LCA in Food Industry
7.2.1 Goal Definition
7.2.2 Scope Definition
7.2.3 Life Cycle Inventory
7.2.4 Impact Assessment
7.2.5 Interpretation
7.3 LCA Studies on Food Products
7.3.1 LCA Approach
7.3.1.1 Product Approach
Agri-Food Product
Meat
7.3.1.2 Dietary Approach
7.4 Challenges in LCA Studies
7.4.1 Database and Its Quality
7.4.2 Consumer Requirement
7.4.3 Divergence of Interpretations
7.4.4 Impact Categories Selection
7.5 Discussion and Future Research Direction
7.6 Conclusion
References
8: Food Wastes: Perceptions, Impacts and Management
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Food Waste/Loss Perception
8.1.2 Food Wastes Categorization
8.1.3 Quantification of Food Wastes
8.1.4 Impacts of Food Waste
8.1.4.1 Environmental Impact
Carbon Footprint
Water Footprint
Nutrient Loss
Land Use
8.1.4.2 Socioeconomic Impact of Food Waste
8.1.5 Effective Waste Management Options
8.1.6 Conclusion and Future Anticipations
References
9: Hydrothermal Carbonization of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: Advantage, Disadvantage, and Different Application...
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Introduction to Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC)
9.3 Mechanism During Hydrothermal Carbonization
9.4 Effect of Different Process Matter
9.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydrothermal Carbonization
9.6 Potential Applications of Hydrochar
9.7 Conclusion
References
10: Pollutants Characterization and Toxicity Assessment of Pulp and Paper Industry Sludge for Safe Environmental Disposal
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Process of Pulp and Paper Making
10.3 Generation of Total Wastewater from Pulp and Industry
10.4 Characterization to Total Pollutants from Sludge
10.5 Toxicity Assessment
10.6 Management of Sludge after Secondary Treatment
10.7 Future Prospective
10.8 Conclusion
References
11: Use of Flue Gas as a Carbon Source for Algal Cultivation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Greenhouse Gases
11.3 Greenhouse Gases Reduction
11.4 Microalgae Production
11.5 Flue Gases in Microalgae Cultivation
11.6 Factors Influencing CO2 Fixation from Flue Gas by Microalgae
11.6.1 Microalgae Strains
11.6.2 CO2 Concentration in Flue Gas
11.6.3 pH
11.6.4 NOx, SOx, and Particulate Materials
11.6.5 Temperature and Light
11.6.6 Mass Transfer in Bioreactors
11.6.7 Bioreactor Application in CO2 Fixation by Microalgae
11.6.8 CO2 Biofixation Metabolism
11.7 Bioproducts from Microalgal Biomass Grown with Flue Gas
11.7.1 Biofuels
11.7.2 Biopigments
11.7.3 Biopolymers
11.8 Conclusion
References