Embodied, Extended, Ignorant Minds New Studies on the Nature of Not-Knowing

✍ Scribed by Selene Arfini and Lorenzo Magnani

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 230
• Series: Synthese Library
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction: Externalist Perspectives on Ignorance and Cognition
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Interactions Between Externalisms and Ignorance Studies
1.2.1 Relational Ignorance: A New Focus for Ethical Discussions
1.2.2 Creative Ignorance: The Unexpected Value of the Uncomfortable State of Not-Knowing
1.2.3 Extended Ignorance: The Limits of Propositional Ignorance in Extended Cognition
1.2.4 Mindshaping, Racist Habits, and White Ignorance: How We Think and How We Could Change
1.2.5 Ignorance and (Im)Possibility: Between Close-Mindedness and Wonder
1.2.6 Mind Invasion Through Cognitive Integration: Accounting for Some Epistemic Drawbacks of Extended Cognition
1.2.7 Institutions as Cognitive Niches: Managing Ignorance in a Distributed Perspective
1.2.8 How Do We Think about the Unknown: The Implications of Persistent Ignorance in Abductive Cognition
1.2.9 How Do We Become Ignorant? From Ignorance as a Result to Ignorance as a Process
References
Chapter 2: Relational Ignorance
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Scenario One—My Trusty Calculator; Simple Extended Cognition
2.3 Scenario Two—The Romantic “We”; Mutually Shared Cognition
2.4 Scenario Three—My Neighbour Sally; Socially Extended Cognition, Type I
2.5 Scenario Four—Dependable Jo; Epistemic Exploitation
2.6 Scenario Five (Application 1)—The Social Media Hivemind; Socially Extended Cognition, Type II
2.7 Scenario Six (Application 2)—The Echo Chamber; Misplaced (Self-)Trust
2.8 Discussion and Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 3: Creative Ignorance
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Creative Cognition from the Perspective of Experimental Psychology
3.3 Forms of Generative Ignorance
3.3.1 The Importance of Ambiguity
3.3.2 The Ignorance of Material Engagement
3.3.3 Skills for Ignorance
3.3.4 Seeking Uncertainty: Ignorance Niches
3.4 Creative Ignorance
3.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Extended Ignorance
4.1 Extended Cognition and Ignorance
4.2 Epistemically Sound Extended Cognition
4.3 Normative and Nonnormative Conceptions of Ignorance
4.4 Epistemically Problematic Extended Cognition
4.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 5: Mindshaping, Racist Habits, and White Ignorance
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Enactivism, Habits, and Mindshaping
5.3 Overdetermination, Inflexible Habits, and Atrophied Cognition
5.4 The Active Role of White Subjects
5.4.1 Case Study: Black Pete
5.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Ignorance and (Im)Possibility
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Possible, the Impossible, and the Ignorant
6.3 Migration, (Im)Possibility and Ignorance
6.3.1 Default Ignorance
6.3.2 Deliberate Ignorance
6.3.3 Masked Ignorance
6.3.4 Wondrous Ignorance
6.4 Distributed Ignorance
References
Chapter 7: Mind Invasion Through Cognitive Integration: Facebook and the Exploitation of Users’ Ignorance
7.1 Introduction: Otto Jones and the Accursed Notebook
7.2 The Affordances of Facebook: Salient and Ignored Choices
7.3 The Dimensions of Integration and Affordances of Facebook
7.3.1 Reliability and Durability
7.3.2 Informational and Procedural Transparency
7.3.3 Individualization and Institutionalization
7.3.4 Information Flow and Transformation
7.4 Trust in Facebook: Deliberate Ignorance and Boosted Confidence
7.5 Digital Technologies and Manipulative Design: The Hidden Intentions of Platform Designers
7.6 Mind Invasion Through Manipulative Design: Exploiting Users’ Ignorance in the Emotional Contagion Experiment
7.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Institutions as Cognitive Niches: A Dynamic of Knowledge and Ignorance
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Institutions – Two Conceptions
8.3 The Puzzle of Accessibility
8.4 The Niche
8.5 The Cognitive Niche
8.6 Cost-Effectiveness of the Cognitive Niche
8.7 A Niched Ignorance: Beyond Cognitive Limitations
8.8 Toward the Idea of Expected Location of Goods
8.9 Institutions: How to Benefit from Ignorance
8.10 Institutions, Ignorance and Some Further Concerns
8.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: How Do We Think about the Unknown? The Self-Awareness of Ignorance as a Tool for Managing the Anguish of Not Knowing
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Two Forms of Ignorance
9.3 Abduction Without Total Ignorance
9.3.1 Situating Ignorance
9.3.2 Peirce: Ignorance at the Basis of Perception and the Pragmatic View of Science
9.3.3 At My Signal, Unleash Hypotheses: The Case of the Phaistos Disc
9.4 Remaining in Ignorance Without any Forego
9.4.1 The Existentialist Point of View of Ignorance
9.4.2 Anguish as a Continuous Trigger
9.4.3 Ignorance as an Opportunity
9.5 Conclusions: How Do We Think about Ignorance?
References
Chapter 10: How Do We Become Ignorant? Affording Ignorance Through Epistemic Actions
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Becoming Ignorant: Some To-Ignorance Processes
10.3 Fake News Online
10.4 To-Ignorance Affordances
10.4.1 A Brief History of Affordances: From Gibson to Costa
10.4.2 Affording Pragmatic or Epistemic Actions
10.5 To-Ignorance Actions Online
10.6 Which Epistemic Actions Should We Promote Online?
10.7 Conclusions
References