Cover
Title page
Copyright page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Index of Applications
PART 1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
1 Introduction to Statistics
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
1.1 An Overview of Statistics
1.2 Data Classification
Case Study: Reputations of Companies in the U.S.
1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design
Activity: Random Numbers
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
History of Statistics-Timeline
Technology: Using Technology in Statistics
2 Descriptive Statistics
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
2.1 Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs
2.2 More Graphs and Displays
2.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Activity: Mean Versus Median
2.4 Measures of Variation
Activity: Standard Deviation
Case Study: Business Size
2.5 Measures of Position
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: Parking Tickets
Using Technology to Determine Descriptive Statistics
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1 & 2
PART 2 PROBABILITY AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
3 Probability
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting
Activity: Simulating the Stock Market
3.2 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule
3.3 The Addition Rule
Activity: Simulating the Probability of Rolling a 3 or 4
Case Study: United States Congress
3.4 Additional Topics in Probability and Counting
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: Simulation: Composing Mozart Variations with Dice
4 Discrete Probability Distributions
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
4.1 Probability Distributions
4.2 Binomial Distributions
Activity: Binomial Distribution
Case Study: Distribution of Number of Hits in Baseball Games
4.3 More Discrete Probability Distributions
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: Using Poisson Distributions as Queuing Models
5 Normal Probability Distributions
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
5.1 Introduction to Normal Distributions and the Standard Normal Distribution
5.2 Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities
5.3 Normal Distributions: Finding Values
Case Study: Birth Weights in America
5.4 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem
Activity: Sampling Distributions
5.5 Normal Approximations to Binomial Distributions
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: Age Distribution in California
Cumulative Review: Chapters 3-5
PART 3 STATISTICAL INFERENCE
6 Confidence Intervals
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
6.1 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (σ Known)
6.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (σ Unknown)
Activity: Confidence Intervals for a Mean
Case Study: Marathon Training
6.3 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions
Activity: Confidence Intervals for a Proportion
6.4 Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: United States Foreign Policy Polls
Using Technology to Construct Confidence Intervals
7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
7.1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
7.2 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (σ Known)
7.3 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (σ Unknown)
Activity: Hypothesis Tests for a Mean
Case Study: Human Body Temperature: What's Normal?
7.4 Hypothesis Testing for Proportions
Activity: Hypothesis Tests for a Proportion
7.5 Hypothesis Testing for Variance and Standard Deviation
A Summary of Hypothesis Testing
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: The Case of the Vanishing Women
Using Technology to Perform Hypothesis Tests
8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
8.1 Testing the Difference Between Means (Independent Samples, σ₁ and σ₂ Known)
8.2 Testing the Difference Between Means (Independent Samples, σ₁ and σ₂ Unknown)
Case Study: How Protein Affects Weight Gain in Overeaters
8.3 Testing the Difference Between Means (Dependent Samples)
8.4 Testing the Difference Between Proportions
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: Tails over Heads
Using Technology to Perform Two-Sample Hypothesis Tests
Cumulative Review: Chapters 6-8
PART 4 MORE STATISTICAL INFERENCE
9 Correlation and Regression
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
9.1 Correlation
Activity: Correlation by Eye
9.2 Linear Regression
Activity: Regression by Eye
Case Study: Correlation of Body Measurements
9.3 Measures of Regression and Prediction Intervals
9.4 Multiple Regression
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: Nutrients in Breakfast Cereals
10 Chi-Square Tests and the F?-Distribution
Where You've Been
Where You’re Going
10.1 Goodness-of-Fit Test
10.2 Independence
Case Study: Living On Mars
10.3 Comparing Two Variances
10.4 Analysis of Variance
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: Teacher Salaries
Cumulative Review: Chapters 9 & 10
Appendices
APPENDIX A Alternative Presentation of the Standard Normal Distribution
Standard Normal Distribution Table (0-to-z)
Alternative Presentation of the Standard Normal Distribution
APPENDIX B Tables
Table 1 Random Numbers
Table 2 Binomial Distribution
Table 3 Poisson Distribution
Table 4 Standard Normal Distribution
Table 5 t-Distribution
Table 6 Chi-Square Distribution
Table 7 F-Distribution
Table 8 Critical Values for the Sign Test
Table 9 Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Table 10 Critical Values for the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient
Table 11 Critical Values for the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Table 12 Critical Values for the Number of Runs
APPENDIX C Normal Probability Plots
APPENDIX D Key Formulas
Answers to the Try It Yourself Exercises
Answers to the Odd-Numbered Exercises
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Credits
Inside Back Cover
Bonus Chapters
11 Nonparametric Tests
Where You’ve Been
Where You’re Going
11.1 The Sign Test
11.2 The Wilcoxon Tests
Case Study: College Ranks
11.3 The Kruskal-Wallis Test
11.4 Rank Correlation
11.5 The Runs Test
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics—Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: U.S. Income and Economic Research
Answers to the Try It Yourself Exercises
Answers to the Odd-Numbered Exercises
6 Confidence Intervals
Where You’ve Been
Where You’re Going
6.1 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (σ Known)
6.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (σ Unknown)
Activity: Confidence Intervals for a Mean
Case Study: Marathon Training
6.3 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions
Activity: Confidence Intervals for a Proportion
6.4 Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation
Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World
Chapter Summary
Review Exercises
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Test
Real Statistics—Real Decisions: Putting it all together
Technology: United States Foreign Policy Polls
Using Technology to Construct Confidence Intervals
Answers to the Try It Yourself Exercises
Answers to the Odd-Numbered Exercises