Electrospinning: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications

✍ Scribed by Wang L., Qin X. (ed.)

• Publisher: WILEY-VCH
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 368
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Unique resource highlighting new methods and emerging applications of electrospinning, such as manufacturing of nanofiber yarn, solar steam generation, thermoelectric generators, water-induced electric generators, actuators, and biomedical applications.
Electrospinning introduces the basic principles and state-of-the-art methods of electrospinning in depth and continues on to highlight the most relevant and recent applications associated with the remarkable features of nanofibers.
Written by two highly qualified authors with significant experience in the field, Electrospinning includes information on
History and development of the electrospinning theories and the state-of-the-art methods for fiber structure regulation, mass production of electrospun fibers, and manufacturing of electrospun fiber yarns
Electrospinning nanofiber-based evaporators for interfacial solar-driven steam generation and preparation and application of electrospun nanofibers in heat insulation
Research progress on sound absorption of electrospun fibrous materials and electrospun nanofiber-based triboelectric nanogenerator
Preparation and application of thermoelectric materials and devices based on electrospun fibers and electrospun nanofiber-based water-induced electric-generation
Providing a comprehensive overview of electrospinning, including the principle, methods, and latest applications, Electrospinning is an essential resource for materials scientists, polymer chemists, chemists in industry, electrochemists, catalytic chemists, and electronics engineers.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Electrospinning: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1. Electrospinning Theory
1.1 Nanotechnology and Nanofibers
1.1.1 Development History of Nanotechnology
1.1.2 Introduction to Nanofibers
1.1.3 Main Characteristics of Nanofibers
1.2 Research History of Electrospinning
1.3 Development Prospect of Electrospinning
1.3.1 Application of Electrostatic Spinning Technology
1.3.2 Development Direction of Electrospinning Technology
References
2. Regulation of Electrospun Fiber Structure
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Solution Properties
2.2.1 Concentration of Polymer Solution
2.2.2 Molecular Weight
2.2.3 Solution Conductivity
2.2.4 Solvent
2.3 Spinning Parameters
2.3.1 Voltage
2.3.2 Spinning Distance
2.3.3 Flow Rate
2.3.4 Temperature and Humidity
2.4 Nozzles
2.5 Collectors
2.6 Conclusions
References
3. Mass Production of Electrospun Nanofibers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Multiple‐needle Electrospinning
3.3 Multiple‐hole Electrospinning
3.4 Free‐surface Electrospinning
3.4.1 Static Electrode Free‐surface Electrospinning
3.4.2 Rotating Electrode Free‐surface Electrospinning
3.4.3 Slit‐surface Electrospinning
3.5 Melt Electrospinning
3.6 Multifield‐assisted Electrospinning
3.7 Future and Prospects
References
4. Manufacturing and Application of Electrospinning Nanofiber Yarn
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electrospun Pure Nanofiber Yarns
4.2.1 Processing of Electrospun Pure Nanofiber Yarns
4.2.1.1 Pure Nanofiber Yarn Bundling by Parallel Collector
4.2.1.2 Pure Nanofiber Yarn‐Producing Methods by Rotating Collectors
4.2.1.3 Pure Nanofiber Yarn Producing Methods by Water Bath Collecting System
4.2.1.4 Pure Nanofiber Yarn by Electric Field‐Assisted System
4.2.1.5 Twisted Nanofiber Yarn by Conjugate Electrospinning Method
4.2.1.6 Twisted Nanofiber Yarn by Airflow System
4.2.2 Application of Electrospun Pure Nanofiber Yarns
4.2.2.1 Pure Nanofiber Yarns in Functional Textiles
4.2.2.2 Pure Nanofiber Yarns in Biomedical Engineering
4.2.2.3 Pure Nanofiber Yarns in Other Fields
4.3 Electrospun Core‐spun Yarns
4.3.1 Processing of Electrospun Core‐spun Yarns
4.3.1.1 Single‐needle Electrospun Core‐spun Yarn‐producing System
4.3.1.2 Conjugate Electrospun Core‐spun Nanofiber Yarn‐producing System
4.3.2 Application of Electrospun Core‐spun Yarns
4.3.2.1 Electrospun Core‐spun Yarns in the Biomedical Engineering Field
4.3.2.2 Electrospun Core‐spun Yarns in the Wearable Electronics
4.3.2.3 Electrospun Core‐spun Yarns in the Functional Textiles
4.3.2.4 Electrospun Core‐spun Yarns in Gas Sensors
4.4 Micro‐/nanofiber Composite Yarns
4.4.1 Processing of Micro‐/Nanofiber Composite Yarns
4.4.2 Application of Micro‐/Nanofiber Composite Yarns
4.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
5. Application of Electrospinning in Air Filtration
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Characterization of Filtration Effect of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes
5.2.1 Filtration Efficiency
5.2.2 Pressure Drop
5.2.3 Quality Factor
5.2.4 Dust Holding Capacity
5.3 Filtration Mechanism of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes
5.3.1 Single‐Fiber Filtration Mechanism
5.3.2 Fibrous Membrane Filtration Mechanism
5.4 Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Air Filtration
5.4.1 Fiber‐Morphology‐Based Membranes
5.4.1.1 Beaded Fibers
5.4.1.2 Rough Surface Fibers
5.4.1.3 Porous Fibers
5.4.1.4 Curly Fibers
5.4.2 Structure‐Based Membranes
5.4.2.1 Bimodal Structure
5.4.2.2 Bonding Structure
5.4.2.3 Nano‐Spider Web Structure
5.4.2.4 Gradient Structure
5.4.2.5 Multilayer Composite Structure
5.5 Functional Nanofibrous Membranes for Filtration
5.5.1 Heat‐Resisting Membranes
5.5.2 Harmful Gas Adsorbing Membranes
5.5.3 Antimicrobial Membranes
5.5.4 High Humidity and Greasy Smoke Environment‐Resistant Membranes
5.5.5 Biodegradable Membranes
5.6 Summary and Prospect
References
6. Electrospun Nanofibers for Separation Applications in Oil–Water Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Current Situation of Oily Wastewater
6.2.1 Source of Oily Wastewater and Its Hazards
6.2.2 Treatment Methods for Oily Wastewater
6.3 Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Oil–Water Separation
6.3.1 Preparation Technology of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane
6.3.2 Design Mechanism of Nanofibrous Membrane for Oil–Water Separation
6.3.2.1 Oil–Water Separation Membranes Based on Different Pore Sizes
6.3.2.2 Oil–Water Separation Membranes Based on Different Wettability
6.3.3 Oil–Water Separation Modes
6.3.3.1 Hydrophobic and Oleophilic Membranes
6.3.3.2 Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Membranes
6.4 Summary and Future Perspectives
References
7. Electrospun Nanofiber‐based Evaporators for Interfacial Solar‐driven Steam Generation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Interfacial Solar Steam Generation (ISSG) System
7.3 The Photothermal Conversion Materials and Steam Generation Efficiency Calculation
7.3.1 Photothermal Materials
7.3.2 Steam Generation Efficiency Calculation
7.3.2.1 Efficient Solar Absorption
7.3.2.2 Efficient Light‐to‐heat Conversion
7.3.2.3 Efficient Heat‐to‐Vapor Generation
7.4 The Preparation of the Electrospun Nanofiber‐Based Evaporators
7.4.1 Two‐dimensional (2D) Photothermal Membrane
7.4.2 3D Electrospun Nanofiber‐Based Evaporators
7.5 Applications
7.5.1 Desalination
7.5.2 Wastewater Purification
7.5.3 Power Generation
7.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
8. Electrospinning Waterproof and Breathable Membrane
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Waterproof and Breathable Theory
8.2.1 Waterproof Mechanism
8.2.1.1 Wetting Theory
8.2.1.2 Penetration Theory
8.2.2 Breathable Mechanism
8.2.2.1 “Adsorption–Diffusion–Desorption” Mechanism of Polymer Hydrophilic Groups
8.2.2.2 Micropore Diffusion Mechanism
8.3 Classification of Waterproof and Breathable Membranes
8.3.1 Hydrophilic Nonporous Membrane
8.3.2 Hydrophobic Microporous Membrane
8.4 Methods of Fabricating Waterproof and Breathable Membrane
8.4.1 Biaxial Stretching
8.4.2 Melt Extrusion
8.4.3 Phase Separation
8.4.4 Flash Method
8.4.5 Electrospinning
8.4.5.1 Direct Spinning
8.4.5.2 Post‐Treatment Modification
8.5 Applications of Waterproof and Breathable Membrane
8.5.1 Clothing
8.5.2 Construction
8.5.3 Healthcare
8.5.4 Electronic and Electrical
8.5.5 Others
8.6 Summary
References
9. Preparation and Application of Electrospun Nanofibers in Heat Insulation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Nanofiber‐Based Insulation Materials
9.2.1 Heat Conduction
9.2.2 Thermal Radiation
9.2.3 Heat Convection
9.2.4 Water Transport
9.3 2D Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Heat Insulation
9.4 3D Electrospun Nanofiber‐Based Aerogels for Heat Insulation
9.4.1 Nondirectional Freeze‐Drying Aerogel
9.4.2 Directional Freeze‐Drying Aerogel
9.4.3 Insulation for Buildings and Constructions
9.4.4 High‐Temperature–Protective Clothing
9.4.5 Insulation for Ski Resorts
9.5 Conclusion
References
10. Research Progress on Sound Absorption of Electrospun Fibrous Materials
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Mechanism of Sound Absorption
10.3 Classification of Sound‐Absorbing Materials
10.4 Electrospun Fibrous Materials for Sound Absorption
10.4.1 Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Sound Absorption
10.4.2 Nanocomposite Materials for Sound Absorption
10.4.3 Nanofibrous Aerogel for Sound Absorption
10.5 Effect of Electrospinning Parameters on Sound Absorption
10.6 Future Development of Sound‐Absorbing Electrospun Materials
References
11. Electrospun Nanofiber‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Triboelectric Nanogenerator
11.2.1 Working Mechanism
11.2.2 Four Fundamental Working Modes
11.2.2.1 Vertical Contact–Separation Mode
11.2.2.2 Lateral‐Sliding Mode
11.2.2.3 Single‐Electrode Mode
11.2.2.4 Freestanding Triboelectric‐Layer Mode
11.3 Electrospun Nanofiber‐Based TENG
11.3.1 Enhancement of the Output Performance
11.3.2 Enhancement of the Charge Generation
11.3.2.1 Physical Modification
11.3.2.2 Chemical Modification
11.3.2.3 Enhancement of the Dielectric Polarization
11.3.3 Reduce the Charge Loss
11.3.3.1 Introduce the Charge Trap Layer
11.3.3.2 Circuit Finishing
11.4 Electrospun Nanofiber‐Based TENG for Energy Harvesting
11.4.1 Human Motion Energy
11.4.1.1 Body Movement
11.4.1.2 Human Breath
11.4.2 Renewable Energy
11.4.2.1 Airflow Energy
11.4.2.2 Rain Droplet Energy
11.4.2.3 Sound Energy
11.4.3 Mechanical Vibration Energy
11.5 Conclusion and Prospect
References
12. Preparation and Application of Thermoelectric Materials and Devices Based on Electrospun Fibers
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Design and Fabrication of Thermoelectric Materials Based on Electrospinning
12.2.1 Vacuum Filtration
12.2.2 Alternate Spraying
12.2.3 Coagulation‐Bath Electrospinning
12.2.4 High‐Temperature Calcination
12.2.5 Physical Vapor Deposition
12.2.6 In Situ Synthesis
12.3 Application of Electrospun Thermoelectric System
12.3.1 Flexible Thermoelectric Generator
12.3.2 Self‐Powered Sensing System
12.4 Conclusion and Prospects
References
13. Electrospun Nanofiber‐Based Water‐Induced Electric Generation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Liquid Water System
13.2.1 Device Setup and Materials Selection Principle
13.2.2 Effect of Changing Various Structural Parameters
13.2.3 Suggested Mechanism for Nanofiber‐Based Water‐Induced Electric Generator
13.3 Gaseous Water System
13.3.1 Device Setup and Materials Selection Principle
13.3.2 Established Mechanism for Moist Electric Generation
13.3.3 Different Types of Nanofiber‐Based MEG
13.3.4 Applications Based on Electrospun Nanofiber‐Based MEG
13.4 Outlook
References
14. Electrospun Nanofibers for Flexible Sensors
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Mechanical Sensor
14.2.1 Strain Sensor
14.2.1.1 Resistive Strain Sensor
14.2.1.2 Capacitive Strain Sensor
14.2.1.3 Piezoelectric Strain Sensor
14.2.2 Pressure Sensor
14.2.2.1 Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor
14.2.2.2 Piezocapacitive Pressure Sensor
14.2.2.3 Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor
14.3 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
14.3.1 Temperature Sensor
14.3.2 Humidity Sensor
14.4 Gas Sensor
14.5 Electrochemical Biosensor
14.5.1 Electrochemical Enzyme Sensor
14.5.2 Electrochemical Immunosensor
14.5.3 Microbial Electrochemical Sensor
14.5.3.1 Anodic Microbial Electrochemical Sensors
14.5.3.2 Cathodic Microbial Electrochemical Sensors
14.5.4 Electrochemical DNA Biosensor
14.5.5 Electrochemical Tissue and Cell Sensor
14.6 Conclusion and Perspective
References
15. Preparation and Application of Electrospun Liquid‐Metal‐Based Stretchable Electronics
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Combination Method of Electrospinning and LMs
15.2.1 Direct Spinning
15.2.1.1 In Situ Assembly of Electrostatic Spraying and Electrospinning
15.2.1.2 Dope Blending
15.2.2 Post Finishing
15.2.2.1 Coating
15.2.2.2 Stencil Printing
15.2.2.3 Vacuum Filtration
15.3 Application of LM‐based Stretchable Electronic System
15.3.1 Stretchable Electronics for Strain Sensing
15.3.2 Stretchable Strain‐Insensitive Electrode
15.4 Conclusion and Prospects
References
16. Preparation and Application of Electrospun Photocatalysts
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Photocatalysis
16.2.1 Principle of Photocatalysis
16.2.2 Current Challenges of Photocatalysis
16.3 Electrospun Photocatalyst
16.3.1 Electrospun Metal Oxide
16.3.2 Electrospun Metal Sulfide
16.3.3 Bi‐Based Electrospun Photocatalyst
16.3.4 Ag‐Based Electrospun Photocatalyst
16.3.5 Electrospun Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst
16.4 Composite Electrospun Photocatalyst
16.4.1 Element Doping
16.4.1.1 Metal Doping
16.4.1.2 Nonmetal Doping
16.4.1.3 Co‐Doping
16.4.2 Modified with Noble Metals
16.4.3 Semiconductor Composite
16.4.3.1 Heterojunction
16.4.3.2 Phase Junction
16.4.4 Dye Photosensitization
16.4.5 Graft‐Conjugated Polymer
16.5 Application
16.5.1 Applications of Electrospun Photocatalysts in Energy
16.5.2 Applications of Electrospun Photocatalysts in Environmental Protection
16.5.2.1 Wastewater Treatment
16.5.2.2 Air Purification
16.5.3 Applications of Electrospun Photocatalysts in Disinfection
16.5.4 Applications of Electrospun Photocatalysts in CO2 Reduction
16.6 Conclusion and Prospect
References
17. Smart Electrospun Actuators
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Mechanism of Soft Actuators
17.3 Fabrication of Electrospun Actuators
17.4 Evaluation of Electrospun Actuators
17.5 Types of Electrospun Actuators
17.5.1 Thermoresponsive Electrospun Actuator
17.5.2 pH‐Responsive Electrospun Actuator
17.5.3 Light‐Responsive Actuator
17.5.4 Electric‐Field‐Responsive Actuator
17.5.5 Magnetic‐Field‐Responsive Actuator
17.6 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
18. Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Wound Dressing
18.2.1 Double‐Component/Multicomponent Electrospun Medical Dressing
18.2.2 Functional Multicomponent Electrospun Dressing
18.2.3 Intelligent Wound Dressing
18.3 Tissue Engineering Scaffold
18.3.1 Vascular Tissue Engineering Scaffold
18.3.2 Nerve Tissue Engineering Scaffold
18.3.3 Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold
18.4 Drug Release Carrier
18.4.1 Diffusion‐Driven Electrospun Nanomembranes
18.4.2 Intelligent Responsive Electrospun Nanomembranes
18.4.2.1 pH‐Responsive Electrospun Nanomembranes
18.4.2.2 Temperature‐Responsive Electrospun Nanomembranes
18.4.2.3 Magnetic‐Response Electrospun Nanomembranes
18.5 Conclusion
References
Index