Electro-Mechanical Actuators for the More Electric Aircraft

✍ Scribed by Mirko Mazzoleni, Gianpietro Di Rito, Fabio Previdi

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 256
• Series: Advances in Industrial Control
• Edition: 1st ed. 2021
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents recent results on fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of airborne electromechanical actuators, illustrating both algorithmic and hardware design solutions to enhance the reliability of onboard more electric aircraft.

The book begins with an introduction to the current trends in the development of electrically powered actuation systems for aerospace applications. Practical examples are proposed to help present approaches to reliability, availability, maintainability and safety analysis of airborne equipment. The terminology and main strategies for fault diagnosis and condition monitoring are then reviewed. The core of the book focuses on the presentation of relevant case studies of fault diagnosis and monitoring design for airborne electromechanical actuators, using different techniques. The last part of the book is devoted to a summary of lessons learned and practical suggestions for the design of fault diagnosis solutions of complex airborne systems.

The book is written with the idea of providing practical guidelines on the development of fault diagnosis and monitoring algorithms for airborne electromechanical actuators. It will be of interest to practitioners in aerospace, mechanical, electronic, reliability and systems engineering, as well as researchers and postgraduates interested in dynamical systems, automatic control and safety-critical systems.

Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.

✦ Table of Contents

Series Editor’s Foreword
Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Electrification of Onboard Power Systems: The ``More Electric Aircraft'' Concept
1.1.1 Technological Issues
1.1.2 Environmental and Societal Issues
1.1.3 Market Issues
1.2 Impacts of Research and Development of Electro-Mechanical Actuators
1.2.1 Electrically Powered Actuators
1.2.2 EMA Technology
1.2.3 EMA Research
1.3 State of the Art of Aircraft EMA Technologies
1.3.1 Flight Controls
1.3.2 Landing Gears
1.3.3 Nose-Wheel Steering
1.3.4 Brakes
1.3.5 Thrust Vectoring Control
1.3.6 Innovative Functions
1.4 Summary
References
2 Reliability and Safety of Electro-Mechanical Actuators for Aircraft Applications
2.1 Basic Reliability and Safety Concerns
2.1.1 Fault Regimes of Airborne Components
2.1.2 Airworthiness Certification Requirements
2.1.3 Hardware Redundancy
2.1.4 Analytical Redundancy
2.2 Fault-Tolerant Electro-Mechanical Actuator Solutions
2.2.1 Fault-Tolerant Electronics
2.2.2 Fault-Tolerant Motors
2.2.3 Jamming-Tolerant Mechanical Transmissions
2.3 Approach to the System Safety Assessment
2.3.1 Guidelines, Methods, and Procedures
2.3.2 Functional Hazard Assessment
2.3.3 Fault-Tree Analysis
2.3.4 Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis
2.3.5 Built-in Tests
2.3.6 Types and Terminology of EMA Faults
2.4 Preliminary System Safety Assessment of an Electro-Mechanical Actuation System for Morphing Flaps
2.4.1 System Description
2.4.2 Operation Modes
2.4.3 Definition and Allocation of the Functional Requirements
2.4.4 Functional Hazard Analysis
2.4.5 Fault-Tree Analysis
2.5 Summary
References
3 Fault Diagnosis and Condition Monitoring Approaches
3.1 Basic Concepts and Terminology
3.1.1 Fault, Failure, Malfunction, Disturbance, Model Uncertainty
3.1.2 Fault Diagnosis, Condition Monitoring, and Fault Prognosis
3.1.3 Fault-Tolerant Systems
3.2 Common Diagnostic Methodologies
3.2.1 Model-Based Approach
3.2.2 Signal-Based Approach
3.2.3 Knowledge-Based Approach
3.2.4 Hybrid Approach
3.2.5 Active Approach
3.3 State-of-the-Art of Monitoring Approaches for Airborne Electro-Mechanical Actuators and Systems
3.4 Summary
References
4 Fault Diagnosis and Condition Monitoring of Aircraft Electro-Mechanical Actuators
4.1 Considerations and Challenges
4.2 Relevant Recent Aerospace Projects
4.2.1 FP7 HOLMES Project
4.2.2 H2020 REPRISE Project: Phase 1
4.2.3 H2020 REPRISE Project: Phase 2
4.2.4 Primary Flight Control Electro-Mechanical Actuator for Medium Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
4.3 Model-Based Approaches
4.3.1 Fault Diagnosis via Real-Time Executable Models
4.3.2 Fault Prognosis via High-Fidelity Dynamic Models
4.3.3 Fault Diagnosis via High-Fidelity Dynamic Models
4.3.4 Final Considerations on Model-Based Approaches
4.4 Signal-Based Approaches
4.4.1 Common Faults in Electro-Mechanical Actuators Diagnosable by Signal-Based Approaches
4.4.2 Example: Fault Detection and Isolation of Bearing Defects
4.4.3 Final Considerations on Signal-Based Approaches
4.5 Knowledge-Based Approaches
4.5.1 Knowledge-Based Fault Detection and Isolation via Machine Learning Techniques
4.5.2 Knowledge-Based Condition Monitoring via Change Detection Algorithms
4.5.3 Knowledge-Based Condition Monitoring via Statistical Process Monitoring Techniques
4.5.4 Final Considerations on Knowledge-Based Approaches
4.6 Summary
References
5 Concluding Remarks
5.1 Fault Diagnosis for More Electric Actuation Technologies
5.2 Lessons Learned: Notes for Practitioners
5.2.1 Problem Definition
5.2.2 Practical Considerations
5.3 Other Possible Fault Diagnosis Activities for Airborne EMAs
5.4 Future Perspectives
References
Appendix Glossary