Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology, Second Edition: Revised edition

✍ Scribed by John Bird BSc (Hons) CEng CMath CSci FIET MIEE FIIE FIMA FCollT

• Publisher: Newnes
• Year: 2003
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 995
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology is a fully comprehensive text for courses in electrical and electronic principles, circuit theory and electrical technology. The coverage takes students from the fundamentals of the subject, to the completion of a first year degree level course. Thus, this book is ideal for students studying engineering for the first time, and is also suitable for pre-degree vocational courses, especially where progression to higher levels of study is likely. John Bird's approach, based on 700 worked examples supported by over 1000 problems (including answers), is ideal for students of a wide range of abilities, and can be worked through at the student's own pace. Theory is kept to a minimum, placing a firm emphasis on problem-solving skills, and making this a thoroughly practical introduction to these core subjects in the electrical and electronic engineering curriculum. This revised edition includes new material on transients and laplace transforms, with the content carefully matched to typical undergraduate modules. Free Tutor Support Material including full worked solutions to the assessment papers featured in the book will be available at http://textbooks.elsevier.com/. Material is only available to lecturers who have adopted the text as an essential purchase. In order to obtain your password to access the material please follow the guidelines in the book. * Revised edition now includes additional material on Transients and Laplace transforms * Highly practical text, including hundreds of examples and problems throughout to aid student learning * Free instructor's manual provides full worked solutions to assessment papers

✦ Table of Contents

Part 1 Basic Electrical Engineering Principles......Page 18
1 SI units......Page 19
1 Force......Page 20
1 Power......Page 21
1 Resistance and conductance......Page 22
1 Electrical power and energy......Page 23
1 Summary of terms, units and their symbols......Page 24
1 Further problems on units associated with basic electrical quantities......Page 25
2 Standard symbols for electrical components......Page 26
2 Electric current and quantity of electricity......Page 27
2 Linear and non- linear devices......Page 29
Standard electrical quantities — their symbols and units 4......Page 0
2 Multiples and sub- multiples......Page 30
2 Electrical power and energy......Page 32
2 Fuses......Page 36
3 Resistance and resistivity......Page 39
3 Temperature coefficient of resistance......Page 42
3 Further problems on resistance variation......Page 45
4 Electrolysis......Page 47
4 The simple cell......Page 48
4 Corrosion......Page 49
4 E.m.f. and internal resistance of a cell......Page 50
4 Primary cells......Page 52
4 Secondary cells......Page 53
4 Further problems on the chemical effects of electricity......Page 55
Assignment 1......Page 57
5 Series circuits......Page 58
5 Potential divider......Page 60
5 Parallel networks......Page 61
5 Current division......Page 64
5 Wiring lamps in series and in parallel......Page 68
5 Further problems on series and parallel networks......Page 69
6 Electrostatic field......Page 71
6 Capacitors......Page 73
6 Permittivity......Page 75
6 The parallel plate capacitor......Page 77
6 Capacitors connected in parallel and series......Page 79
6 Dielectric strength......Page 83
6 Energy stored......Page 84
6 Practical types of capacitor......Page 85
6 Further problems on capacitors and capacitance......Page 86
7 Magnetic fields......Page 90
7 Magnetic flux and flux density......Page 91
7 Magnetomotive force and magnetic field strength......Page 92
7 Reluctance......Page 96
7 Composite series magnetic circuits......Page 97
7 Hysteresis and hysteresis loss......Page 100
7 Further problems on magnetic circuits......Page 101
Assignment 2......Page 103
8 Magnetic field due to an electric current......Page 105
8 Electromagnets......Page 107
8 Force on a current- carrying conductor......Page 108
8 Principle of operation of a simple d. c. motor......Page 112
8 Principle of operation of a moving coil instrument......Page 113
8 Further problems on electromagnetism......Page 114
9 Introduction to electromagnetic induction......Page 116
9 Laws of electromagnetic induction......Page 117
9 Inductance......Page 120
9 Inductors......Page 122
9 Inductance of a coil......Page 123
9 Mutual inductance......Page 124
9 Further problems on electromagnetic induction......Page 125
10 Electrical measuring instruments and measurements......Page 128
10 Moving-iron instrument......Page 129
10 Comparison of moving- coil, moving- iron and moving- coil rectifier instruments......Page 130
10 Shunts and multipliers......Page 131
10 The ohmmeter......Page 133
10 Instrument 'loading' effect......Page 134
10 The cathode ray oscilloscope......Page 137
10 Waveform harmonics......Page 140
10 Logarithmic ratios......Page 142
10 Wheatstone bridge......Page 145
10 A.c. bridges......Page 146
10 Measurement errors......Page 147
10 Further problems on electrical measuring instruments and measurements......Page 149
11 Types of materials......Page 153
11 n-type and p-type materials......Page 154
11 The p-n junction......Page 155
11 Semiconductor diodes......Page 156
11 Further problems on semiconductor diodes......Page 159
12 The bipolar junction transistor......Page 161
12 Transistor action......Page 163
12 Transistor connections......Page 165
12 Transistor characteristics......Page 166
12 The transistor as an amplifier......Page 168
12 The load line......Page 170
12 Current and voltage gains......Page 171
12 Thermal runaway......Page 174
12 Further problems on transistors......Page 175
Assignment 3......Page 178
Measurements 1......Page 180
Part 2 Electrical Principles and Technology......Page 181
13 D.c. circuit theory......Page 182
13 The superposition theorem......Page 186
13 General d.c. circuit theory......Page 189
13 Constant-current source......Page 196
13 Thevenin and Norton equivalent networks......Page 199
13 Maximum power transfer theorem......Page 202
13 Further problems on d. c. circuit theory......Page 204
14 The a.c. generator......Page 208
14 Waveforms......Page 209
14 A.c. values......Page 210
14 The equation of a sinusoidal waveform......Page 215
14 Combination of waveforms......Page 219
14 Rectification......Page 223
14 Further problems on alternating voltages and currents......Page 224
Assignment 4......Page 227
15 Purely resistive a.c. circuit......Page 228
15 Purely capacitive a. c. circuit......Page 229
15 Series resonance......Page 240
15 Q-factor......Page 242
15 Bandwidth and selectivity......Page 244
15 Power in a.c. circuits......Page 245
15 Power triangle and power factor......Page 247
15 Further problems on single- phase series a. c. circuits......Page 249
16 Single-phase parallel a. c. circuits......Page 253
16 Parallel resonance and Q- factor......Page 262
16 Power factor improvement......Page 267
16 Further problems on single- phase parallel a. c. circuits......Page 271
17 D.c. transients......Page 274
17 Charging a capacitor......Page 275
17 Discharging a capacitor......Page 281
17 The effects of time constant on a rectangular waveform......Page 290
17 Further problems on d. c. transients......Page 291
18 Introduction to operational amplifiers......Page 293
18 Some op amp parameters......Page 295
18 Op amp inverting amplifier......Page 297
18 Op amp non- inverting amplifier......Page 300
18 Op amp summing amplifier......Page 301
18 Op amp integrator......Page 303
18 Op amp differential amplifier......Page 304
18 Digital to analogue ( D/ A) conversion......Page 306
18 Analogue to digital ( A/ D) conversion......Page 308
18 Further problems on operational amplifiers......Page 309
Assignment 5......Page 311
19 Three-phase supply......Page 312
19 Star connection......Page 313
19 Delta connection......Page 317
19 Power in three- phase systems......Page 318
19 Measurement of power in three- phase systems......Page 321
19 Further problems on three- phase systems......Page 327
20 Transformers......Page 330
20 Transformer principle of operation......Page 331
20 Transformer no- load phasor diagram......Page 334
20 E.m.f. equation of a transformer......Page 335
20 Transformer on- load phasor diagram......Page 339
20 Transformer construction......Page 340
20 Equivalent circuit of a transformer......Page 341
20 Regulation of a transformer......Page 344
20 Transformer losses and efficiency......Page 345
20 Resistance matching......Page 349
20 Auto transformers......Page 352
20 Three-phase transformers......Page 355
20 Current transformers......Page 357
20 Voltage transformers......Page 358
20 Further problems on transformers......Page 359
Assignment 6......Page 364
21 D.c. machines......Page 365
21 The action of a commutator......Page 366
21 D.c. machine construction......Page 367
21 E.m.f. generated in an armature winding......Page 368
21 Types of d.c. generator and their characteristics......Page 371
21 D.c. machine losses......Page 377
21 Efficiency of a d.c. generator......Page 378
21 D.c. motors......Page 379
21 Torque of a d.c. machine......Page 380
21 Types of d.c. motor and their characteristics......Page 383
21 The efficiency of a d. c. motor......Page 388
21 D.c. motor starter......Page 391
21 Speed control of d. c. motors......Page 392
21 Further problems on d. c. machines......Page 396
22 Three-phase induction motors......Page 401
22 Production of a rotating magnetic field......Page 402
22 Synchronous speed......Page 403
22 Principle of operation of a three- phase induction motor......Page 405
22 Slip......Page 406
22 Rotor e.m.f. and frequency......Page 408
22 Rotor impedance and current......Page 409
22 Induction motor losses and efficiency......Page 410
22 Torque equation for an induction motor......Page 412
22 Induction motor torque - speed characteristics......Page 416
22 Starting methods for induction motors......Page 418
22 Advantages of squirrel- cage induction motors......Page 419
22 Uses of three-phase induction motors......Page 420
22 Further problems on three- phase induction motors......Page 421
Assignment 7......Page 423
23 D.c. transients:......Page 424
23 D.c. machines:......Page 425
23 Three-phase induction motors:......Page 426
Part 3 Advanced Circuit Theory and Technology......Page 427
23 Revision of complex numbers......Page 428
23 Operations involving Cartesian complex numbers......Page 430
23 Complex equations......Page 432
23 Multiplication and division using complex numbers in polar form......Page 434
23 Further problems on complex numbers......Page 437
24 Series a.c. circuits......Page 442
24 Further problems on series a. c. circuits......Page 453
25 Admittance, conductance and susceptance......Page 457
25 Parallel a.c. networks......Page 461
25 Further problems on parallel a. c. networks......Page 467
26 Determination of power in a. c. circuits......Page 472
26 Power triangle and power factor......Page 477
26 Use of complex numbers for determination of power......Page 478
26 Power factor improvement......Page 483
26 Further problems on power in a. c. circuits......Page 485
Assignment 8......Page 488
27 Balance conditions for an a. c. bridge......Page 489
27 Types of a.c. bridge circuit......Page 491
27 Further problems on a. c. bridges......Page 501
28 Series resonance......Page 504
28 Q-factor......Page 508
28 Voltage magnification......Page 511
28 Q-factors in series......Page 515
28 Bandwidth......Page 517
28 Small deviations from the resonant frequency......Page 522
28 Further problems on series resonance and Q- factor......Page 525
29 Parallel resonance and Q- factor......Page 528
29 Dynamic resistance......Page 530
29 Q-factor in a parallel network......Page 532
29 Further problems on parallel resonance and Q- factor......Page 540
Assignment 9......Page 543
30 Introduction to network analysis......Page 544
30 Solution of simultaneous equations using determinants......Page 545
31 Mesh-current analysis......Page 558
31 Nodal analysis......Page 563
31 Further problems on mesh- current and nodal analysis......Page 572
32 Using the superposition theorem......Page 575
32 Further problems on the superposition theorem......Page 585
33 Thevenin and Norton equivalent networks......Page 606
Assignment 10......Page 615
34 Delta-star transformation......Page 616
34 Star-delta transformation......Page 624
34 Further problems on delta-star and star-delta transformations......Page 627
35 Maximum power transfer theorems......Page 630
35 Impedance matching......Page 636
35 Further problems on maximum power transfer theorems and impedance matching......Page 639
Assignment 11......Page 642
36 Complex Waveforms......Page 644
36 The general equation for a complex waveform......Page 645
36 Harmonic synthesis......Page 646
36 Rms value, mean value and the form factor of a complex wave......Page 658
36 Power associated with complex waves......Page 663
36 Harmonics in single- phase circuits......Page 666
36 Resonance due to harmonics......Page 677
36 Sources of harmonics......Page 679
36 Further problems on complex waveforms......Page 684
37 Harmonic analysis on data given in tabular or graphical form......Page 691
37 Complex waveform considerations......Page 696
37 Further problems on a numerical method of harmonic analysis......Page 698
38 Revision of terms and units used with magnetic circuits......Page 701
38 Magnetic properties of materials......Page 703
38 Hysteresis and hysteresis loss......Page 705
38 Eddy current loss......Page 709
38 Separation of hysteresis and eddy current losses......Page 714
38 Nonpermanent magnetic materials......Page 717
38 Permanent magnetic materials......Page 719
38 Further problems on magnetic materials......Page 720
Assignment 12......Page 723
39 Polarization......Page 724
39 Dielectric strength......Page 725
39 Mechanical properties......Page 727
39 Dielectric loss and loss angle......Page 728
39 Further problems on dielectric loss and loss angle......Page 732
40 Field plotting by curvilinear squares......Page 733
40 Capacitance between concentric cylinders......Page 738
40 Capacitance of an isolated twin line......Page 746
40 Energy stored in an electric field......Page 750
40 Inductance of a concentric cylinder ( or coaxial cable)......Page 754
40 Inductance of an isolated twin line......Page 759
40 Energy stored in an electromagnetic field......Page 763
40 Further problems on field theory......Page 766
41 Attenuators......Page 771
41 Characteristic impedance......Page 772
41 Logarithmic ratios......Page 774
41 Symmetrical T-and p- attenuators......Page 777
41 Insertion loss......Page 785
41 Asymmetrical Tand p- sections......Page 788
41 The L-section attenuator......Page 792
41 Two-port networks in cascade......Page 795
41 Further problems on attenuators......Page 798
Assignment 13......Page 802
42 Filter networks......Page 803
42 Basic types of filter sections......Page 804
42 The characteristic impedance and the attenuation of filter sections......Page 805
42 Ladder networks......Page 808
42 Low-pass filter sections......Page 810
42 High-pass filter sections......Page 820
42 Propagation coefficient and time delay in filter sections......Page 828
42 'm-derived' filter sections......Page 838
42 Practical composite filters......Page 846
42 Further problems on filter networks......Page 850
43 Self-inductance......Page 854
43 Mutual inductance......Page 855
43 Coupling coefficient......Page 856
43 Coils connected in series......Page 858
43 Coupled circuits......Page 862
43 Dot rule for coupled circuits......Page 870
43 Further problems on magnetically coupled circuits......Page 877
44 Transmission line primary constants......Page 882
44 Phase delay, wavelength and velocity of propagation......Page 884
44 Current and voltage relationships......Page 886
44 Characteristic impedance and propagation coefficient in terms of the primary constants......Page 888
44 Distortion on transmission lines......Page 895
44 Wave reflection and the reflection coefficient......Page 898
44 Standing waves and the standing wave ratio......Page 903
44 Further problems on transmission lines......Page 910
45 Transients and Laplace transforms......Page 914
45 Introduction to Laplace transforms......Page 927
45 Inverse Laplace transforms and the solution of differential equations......Page 934
45 Laplace transform analysis directly from the circuit diagram......Page 943
45 Initial conditions......Page 962
45 Further problems on transients and Laplace transforms......Page 965
Assignment 14......Page 971
Complex numbers: 3......Page 973
Hysteresis and Eddy current: 3......Page 974
Attenuators: 3......Page 975
Magnetically coupled circuits 3......Page 976
Transients: 3......Page 977
Part 4 General Reference......Page 978
Greek alphabet 4......Page 982
Common prefixes 4......Page 983
Colour code for fixed resistors 4......Page 984
Letter and digit code for resistors 4......Page 985
Index......Page 986