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Efficient Acid–Base Bifunctional Catalysts for the Fixation of CO2 with Epoxides under Metal- and Solvent-Free Conditions

✍ Scribed by Dr. Jian Sun; Dr. Lijun Han; Dr. Weiguo Cheng; Dr. Jinquan Wang; Prof. Xiangping Zhang; Prof. Suojiang Zhang


Publisher
Wiley (John Wiley & Sons)
Year
2011
Tongue
English
Weight
278 KB
Volume
4
Category
Article
ISSN
1864-5631

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✦ Synopsis


A series of acid-base bifunctional catalysts (ABBCs) that contain one or two Brønsted acidic sites in the cationic part and a Lewis-basic site in the anionic part are used as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by cycloaddition of CO(2) to epoxides, without the use of additional co-catalyst or co-solvent. The effects of the catalyst structures and various reaction parameters on the catalytic performance are investigated in detail. Almost complete conversion can be achieved in 1 h for propylene oxide using [{(CH(2))(3)COOH}(2) im]Br under mild reaction conditions (398 K and 2 MPa). Furthermore, the catalyst can be recycled over five times without substantial loss of catalytic activity. This protocol is found to be applicable to a variety of terminal epoxides, producing the corresponding cyclic carbonates in good yields and high selectivities. A synergistic effect of the acidic and the basic sites as well as suitable hydrogen-bonding strength of ABBCs are considered crucial for the reaction to proceed smoothly. The activities of the ABBCs increase remarkably with increasing carboxylic-acid chain length of the cation. This metal- and solvent-free process thus represents an environmentally friendly process for BTC-catalyzed conversion of CO(2) into value-added chemicals.


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