Effects of testosterone on pedicle formation and its transformation to antler in castrated male, freemartin and normal female red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Histological studies of pedicle skin for

Histological studies of pedicle skin formation and its transformation to antler velvet in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

✍ Li, Chunyi ;Suttie, James M. 📂 Article 📅 2000 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 802 KB

Deer antlers and their antecedent pedicles are made up of two components, interior osseocartilage and exterior integument. In a previous study, we described that histogenesis of the interior osseocartilage proceeds through four ossification stages. These are intramembranous (IMO), transition (OPC),