Effects of soil calcium and aluminum on the physiology of balsam fir and red spruce saplings in northern New England

Determination of Aluminum, Calcium, and

Determination of Aluminum, Calcium, and Magnesium in Fraser Fir, Balsam Fir, and Red Spruce Foliage and Soil from the Southern and Middle Appalachians

✍ Kristen N. Bryant; A.Jason Fowlkes; S.Farhan Mustafa; Brianna J. O'neil; Anne C. 📂 Article 📅 1997 🏛 Elsevier Science 🌐 English ⚖ 125 KB

Spruce-fir forests form unique ecosystems in the eastern United States and Canada. These forests are composed of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) and red spruce (Picea rubens) in the Southern Appalachians, and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and red spruce in the middle and northern Appalachians. Decline of s