Effects of smoking in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease
✍ Scribed by Atsushi Ishikawa; Tadashi Miyatake
- Book ID
- 118931703
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1993
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 496 KB
- Volume
- 117
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0022-510X
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
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## Abstract A multiethnic series of patients with early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOP) was studied to assess the frequency and nature of __parkin__/PARK2 gene mutations and to investigate phenotype–genotype relationships. Forty‐six EOP probands with an onset age of <45 years, and 14 affected relat
## Abstract Mutations in __GTP‐cyclohydrolase 1__ (__GCH1__) cause autosomal dominant dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD), characterized by childhood‐onset foot dystonia that later generalizes. DRD patients frequently present with associated Parkinsonism. Conversely, early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOP