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Effects of hardness, chloride, and acclimation on the acute toxicity of sulfate to freshwater invertebrates

✍ Scribed by David John Soucek; Alan James Kennedy

Book ID: 111847714
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 2005
Tongue: English
Weight: 80 KB
Volume: 24
Category: Article
ISSN: 0730-7268
DOI: 10.1897/04-142.1

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## Abstract The acute (96‐h) toxicity of copper sulfate to fathead minnows was tested in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment, with factors being low (ca. 1 meq/L) and high (ca. 4 meq/L) water hardness during an acclimation period and low and high hardness during the exposure period. Acclimation hardness w