Effects of forming gas annealing on LiNbO3 single crystals

✍ Scribed by Feng Chen; Wan Ping Chen; Yu Wang; Yong Ming Hu; Zhen Jiang Shen; Helen Lai Wah Chan

• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 248 KB
• Volume: 406
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0921-4526
• DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2010.11.085

✦ Synopsis

Z-cut congruent LiNbO 3 single crystals were annealed in 95%N 2 +5%H 2 at high temperatures. X-ray diffraction showed that 2y of (0 0 0 6) peak is obviously reduced by 0.61 and 1.01 for the samples annealed at 600 and 900 1C, respectively. A new peak appears at the high-energy side of O 1s spectrum in X-ray photoelelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, and the leakage current is greatly increased. It is proposed that hydrogen is incorporated in LiNbO 3 single crystals through forming gas annealing at temperatures up to 900 1C and exists in LiNbO 3 as a proton bound to an oxygen ion through O-H bond with its electron donated.