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Effect of structural direction and initial moisture content on swelling rate of wood

โœ Scribed by M. E. Hittmeier


Publisher
Springer
Year
1967
Tongue
English
Weight
782 KB
Volume
1
Category
Article
ISSN
0043-7719

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โœฆ Synopsis


The swelling rate of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry) in water was determined on cross sectional, quartersawn, and flatsawn samples. The rate of swelling from six initial moisture content levels to saturation was measured in both the tangential and radial directions.

Internal restraints were found to influence the swelling rate of the quartersawn and flatsawn samples in their radial and tangential directions, respectively. These restraints occurred when swelling commenced from a low initial moisture content and were attributed to the compressive forces imposed on the outer swelling surface by the dry unswollen interior of the wood.

The restraining effect was also obvious in the change with time of the ratio of tangentialto-radial swelling at the lower initial moisture content levels. In the ease of the quartersawn samples, swelling from oven-dry to saturation, the ratio was at first approximately 3.5 : 1.0, but decreased with time to an equilibrium ratio 2.2 : 1.0. The ratio for the flatsawn samples, swelling from zero to saturation, was at first approximately 0.58 : 1.0, but increased with time to about 2.0 : 1.0. I~o obvious effects of internal swelling restraints were observed during the swelling of the cross sectional samples.

The tangential-to-radial swelling ratios for all three types of samples increased with increasing initial moisture content. This indicated that swelling at the higher levels of moisture content may have been largely in the tangential direction.

Zusammenfassung

Die Quellungsgesehwindigkeit yon Engelmannsfichte (Picea engeImannii Parry) in Wasser wurde an Quersehnitten sowie an radial nnd tangential geschnittenen Proben dieses Holzes bestimmt. Ausgehend yon sechs verschiedenen Anfangs-Holzfeuchtigkeiten wurde die Quellungsgeschwindigkeit bis zur S~ittigung in tangentialer und in radialer Riehtung gemessen.

Inhere Bekinderungskr~fte beeinflul~ten, wie festgestellt werden konnte, die Quellungsgeschwindigkeit der radial bzw. tangential geschnittenen Proben in tangentialer oder radialer Riehtung. Diese Quellungsbekinderung trat vor allem im Falle niedriger Anfangs-I-Iolzfeuchtigkeiten in Erseheinung und wurde jenen Druckkr~iften zugeschrieben, die den ~iul~eren quellenden Sehiehten durch die noch nicht gequollenen inneren I-Iolztefle entgegenwirken. Die Wirkung der Bekinderung war ebenso an der Jimderung der ZeRkomponente des Quellungsverh~iltnisses tangential/radial bei niedrigen Anfangs-Holzfeuchtigkeiten deutlleh zu erkennen. Bei der Quellung der Radialproben vom Darrzustand bis zur S~ittigung' betrug dieses Verh~iltnis zuu~ichst 3,5 : 1,0 und sank dann mit der Zeit bis zu einem Ausgleichsverh~iltnis yon 2,2 : 1,0. Bei der entsprechenden Quellung der Tangentialproben yon DarrtrockenheR bis zur S~ittigung waren die Werte zuerst 0,58 : 1,0, stiegen dann aber mit der Zeit auf etwa 2,0 : 1,0 an. Bei den quer geschnRtenen Proben war dagegen keine Auswirkung behindernder, innerer Kr~ifte auf die Quellung festzustellen.


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