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Effect of size, concentration, surface area, and volume of polymethylmethacrylate particles on human macrophagesin vitro

✍ Scribed by Gonz�lez, Octavio ;Smith, R. Lane ;Goodman, Stuart B.

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1996
Tongue
English
Weight
1022 KB
Volume
30
Category
Article
ISSN
0021-9304

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✦ Synopsis

This study investigated effects of different sizes, concentrations, volumes, and surface areas of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles on human macrophages. Adherent peripheral blood monocytes isolated from five healthy individuals were exposed for 48 h to phagocytosable (0.325 pm and 5.5 pm) and nonphagocytosable (200 pm) spherical particles. Each particle size was tested over a range of concentrations (104-10" particles per milliliter L0.325 pm], 102-107 particles per milliliter L5.5 pml, 101-104 particles per milliliter [200 pm]) to provide overlap in number, volume, and surface area. Primary human monocyte/macrophages were cultured in macrophage serum-free medium and 5% fetal calf serum. Macrophage viability was assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake and activation was quantified by release of interleukin-10, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the lysosomal enzyme hexosaminidase. Medium alone served as a negative control; lipopolysaccharide (10 pg/mL) was also tested. PMMA particles were not toxic to human macrophages at any concentration tested. The smallest phagocytosable particles (0.325 pm) stimulated the release of interleukin-10, interleukin-6, prostaglandin El, and hexosaminidase at concentrations of 10'o-lO" particles/mL. The release of cytokines, PGE2, and hexosaminidase depended on the size, concentration, surface area, and volume of the phagocytosable particles. This study demonstrates that PMMA particle load Mi.e., the concentration of phagocytosable particles per tissue volume, characterized by size, surface area, and volume, rather than simply particle numberdetermines the degree of macrophage activation.

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