Effect of mono- and di-acylation on the ocular disposition of ganciclovir: Physicochemical properties, ocular bioreversion, and antiviral activity of short chain ester prodrugs
✍ Scribed by Clapton S. Dias; Banmeet S. Anand; Ashim K. Mitra
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2002
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 146 KB
- Volume
- 91
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0022-3549
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✦ Synopsis
A series of short-chain carboxylic mono-and diesters of ganciclovir were synthesized in our laboratory. Physico-chemical properties, i.e., solubility (pH 4.2), partition coef®cient in 1-octanol/phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), aqueous stability at various pH values, bioreversion kinetics in various ocular homogenates and effectiveness against various Herpes viruses in vitro were determined. The compounds exhibited a decrease in solubility as the ester length ascended with a corresponding increase in the octanol/buffer partition coef®cient values. All of the prodrugs exhibit stability pro®les typical of a carboxylic ester with maximum stability at neutral or slight acidic pH (4.0± 7.0). Apparent ®rst-order rate constants associated with prodrug to drug hydrolysis in the ocular homogenates varied depending on the size of the promoiety, lipophilicity of the compound, and the ocular tissue studied. The acetyl and butyryl mono and diesters were screened against various Herpes viruses. The monobutyrate ester of ganciclovir exhibits excellent activity against HSV-2 and VZV and provides a very high selectivity index against most of the viruses studied.