Ecosystem Restoration: Towards Sustainability and Resilient Development (Disaster Resilience and Green Growth)

✍ Scribed by Anil Kumar Gupta (editor), Manish Kumar Goyal (editor), S. P. Singh (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 372
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This edited book offers coverage towards SDG 15 in particular, but it provides for all the SDGs in general. The book is an inclusive comprehension on ecosystem restoration and sustainability including agricultural and ecosystem resilience, the role of biodiversity, climate change and water resources, hydrological modelling, extreme events, disaster risk and management, sustainable policy making on disaster management. The world is facing diverse and severe challenges. Millions of people are suffering from the catastrophic effects of extreme disasters, climate emergencies, water and food insecurity, and the repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic. Ecosystems are essential players in people’s capacity to meet these challenges. Hence, managing them and protecting their resources in sustainable ways is crucial. The book ‘Ecosystem Restoration: Towards Sustainable and Resilient Development’ provides comprehensive information on fundamentals, approaches and latest developments in the field of ecosystem restoration, resilience and sustainability. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, and valuable source of reference to the professionals and students in the relevant disciplines. Besides, the book serves as additional reading for graduate students of water, ecology, restoration forestry, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international ecological policy makers, scientists and planners will also find this to be a useful read.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Chapter 1: Ecological Restoration: An Overview of Science and Policy Regime
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Need for the Ecological Restoration
1.3 Restoration Ecology
1.4 Ecological Theory
1.5 Restoration Science: Principles, Strategy, and Guidelines
1.6 Adaptive Restoration
1.7 Case Studies of Ecological Restoration
1.7.1 Urban Ecological Restoration
1.7.2 Wetland Ecological Restoration
1.7.3 Himalayan Ecological Restoration
1.7.4 Ecological Impact
1.7.5 Socioeconomic Impact
1.8 Policy Planning and Implementation for Ecological Restoration
1.8.1 Policy Planning and Implementation for Ecological Restoration in India
1.9 Future Challenges
1.9.1 Ecological Challenges
1.9.2 Social Challenges
1.9.3 Political Challenges
1.9.4 Opportunities
1.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Lifestyle for Environment: LiFE Mission and Synergies with Eco-restoration
2.1 LiFE Mission
2.1.1 Background (PM´s Concept of a Mass Movement for LiFE as a Key to Combating Climate Change)
2.1.2 Need for a Sustainable Lifestyle and Ecosystem Restoration
2.1.3 About the LiFE Campaign: Concepts, Contribution/Approach in Creating Synergies with the Ecosystem, and Envisaged Outcome...
2.1.4 LiFE and SDGs
2.2 Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Behaviours that Can Be Adopted at the Different Levels Under LiFE
2.2.1 Household/Individual Level
2.2.1.1 Water Conservation
2.2.1.2 Electricity Consumption
2.2.1.3 Transport
2.2.1.4 Food Habits
2.2.1.5 Building and Construction
2.2.1.6 Waste
2.2.2 Facilitators/Access: Institutional Arrangements, Enablers, and Actions Under Each Sectoral Department
2.2.2.1 Water Conservation
2.2.2.2 Electricity
2.2.2.3 Transport
2.2.2.4 Construction
2.2.2.5 Urban Planning
2.2.2.6 Waste
2.2.2.7 Awareness Campaigns
2.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Optimal Management of Potential Water and Sediment Yield from Urban Hilly Watershed
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Method
3.2.1 Study Area
3.2.2 Estimation of Future Urban Settlement
3.2.3 The Optimal Combination of EMPs in the Future
3.2.3.1 The R-OPTEMP-LS
3.2.3.2 EMP Selection
3.2.3.3 Constraints
3.3 Results and Discussions
3.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Mainstreaming Peri-urban Ecosystems for Urban Resilience Through Policy-Planning Framework: An Opportunity Analysis...
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Recognizing Urban-Rural Connect and Peri-urban in Transit
4.2.1 Peri-urban Potentials
4.2.2 Peri-urban Issues and Challenges
4.3 Methodology
4.3.1 Case Analysis: Study of Three Indian Cities
4.4 Discussions
4.4.1 Opportunity Analysis for Policy-Planning Framework
4.4.2 Mainstreaming Pathways
4.4.3 Mainstreaming Challenges
4.4.4 Mainstreaming Opportunities
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Urban Forest and Ecosystem Services Intercede Urban Habitat in Delhi
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methodology
5.2.1 Study Area
5.2.2 Data and Material
5.2.3 Method
5.2.3.1 Survey Assessment
5.2.3.2 Land Surface Temperature (LST)
Retrieval of LST from Landsat 7
Retrieval of LST for Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS
Conversion to Sensor Spectral Radiance
Conversion to Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) Reflectance
Conversion to TOA Brightness Temperature
NDVI Method for Emissivity Correction
LST Estimation
5.2.3.3 Land Use and Land Cover
Unsupervised Classification
Supervised Classification
5.2.3.4 Accuracy Assessment
5.2.3.5 Change Detection
5.2.3.6 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
5.3 Result
5.3.1 Survey Result
5.3.2 Land Surface Temperature (LST)
5.3.3 Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC)
5.3.4 Accuracy Assessment
5.3.5 Change Detection
5.3.6 Normalize Difference Vegetation Index
5.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Restoration and Rejuvenation of Rivers, Streams and Wetlands: Challenges and Way Forward
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Restoration and Rejuvenation of the Water Bodies
6.2.1 Recognition Phase
6.2.2 Restoration Phase
6.2.3 Protection Phase
6.2.4 Improvement Phase
6.2.5 Sustenance Phase
6.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Ecosystem Services for Water Management: A Review of Global Approaches and Experiences
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Ecosystem Service-Based Approach in Water Management
7.3 Water Ecosystem Services: Global Challenges
7.3.1 Climate Change
7.3.2 Agriculture Intensification
7.3.3 Extensive Chemical Use
7.3.4 Increasing Water Demand
7.3.5 Governance
7.4 Water Ecosystem Services: Indian Perspective
7.4.1 Rapid Land-Use Change
7.4.2 Urban-Rural Water Conflicts
7.4.3 Lack of Transparency
7.5 Water Ecosystem Services Management: Case Studies
7.5.1 Chilika Lake: India (Sahu et al. 2014)
7.5.1.1 Important Lessons Learnt
7.5.2 Payment of Ecosystem Services (PES): Nepal
7.5.2.1 Important Lessons Learnt
7.5.3 Lakes Osmansagar and Himayatsagar: India,
7.5.3.1 Important Lessons Learnt
7.6 Water Security for Sustainable Ecosystem Services: Way Forward
7.6.1 Water Demand Mitigation
7.6.2 Future Areas for Improving Water Conservation Policies
References
Chapter 8: Rejuvenation of Rivers in India: A Case Study on Efforts for Rejuvenation of River Ganga
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Need of Rejuvenation
8.1.2 Factors Responsible for Deterioration of River Ganga
8.1.3 Status of Pollution in River Ganga
8.1.4 Problems Due to Deterioration of Water
8.2 Methodology for River Rejuvenation
8.3 Rejuvenation Strategies for River Ganga
8.4 Efforts Made by NGOs and Community
8.5 Significance of River Rejuvenation and Its Positive Impacts
8.6 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Chapter 9: Rejuvenation of Kukrail Drain
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methods and Methodology
9.2.1 Aim
9.3 Objective
9.3.1 Step 1
9.3.2 Step 2
9.3.3 Step 3
9.3.4 Step 4
9.3.5 Step 5
9.4 Importance of Kukrail Stream in Gomati River
9.5 Value of the Kukrail Stream
9.6 Understanding of Geomorphology
9.7 Topography and Slope Facts of the Kukrail Stream
9.8 Hydrological Information
9.9 Water Quality and Course of the Stream
9.10 Flora and Fauna of the Stream
9.10.1 Urban Fabric
9.10.2 Issues
9.10.3 Approach and Rational Strategies
9.10.4 Development of Program
9.10.5 Guidelines
9.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Hydrological Modelling Using HEC-HMS and Estimation of the Flood Peak by Gumbel´s Method
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Study Area
10.2.1 Hasdeo Basin
10.2.2 Aghanashini Basin
10.3 Materials and Methods
10.3.1 Data Collection
10.4 Methodology
10.4.1 HEC-HMS Model Development
10.4.2 Model Calibration and Validation
10.4.3 Flood Frequency Analysis
10.5 Results and Discussion
10.5.1 Hasdeo Basin
10.5.2 Aghanashini Basin
10.6 Conclusion and Recommendation
References
Chapter 11: Comparing Runoff of the NRCS-CN Method and Observed Runoff Data: A Case Study
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Objectives of the Study
11.3 Catchment Area and Data Products Used
11.3.1 Catchment Area
11.3.2 Data Sets
11.4 Methodology
11.4.1 Morphometry
11.4.2 Runoff Estimation
11.4.2.1 Soil Map
11.4.2.2 Land Use and Land Cover Map
11.5 Results and Discussion
11.5.1 Morphometric Analysis
11.5.2 Runoff Estimation
11.6 Conclusions
11.6.1 Morphometric Analysis
11.6.2 Runoff Estimation
11.6.3 Limitations
References
Chapter 12: Artificial Neural Network Models for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling in India: Studies From the Kolar and Kuttiyadi River...
12.1 Introduction
12.2 ANN-Based Models for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling
12.3 Case Study of Kolar River Basin
12.4 Case Study of Kuttiyadi River Catchment
12.5 Model Evaluation Criteria
12.5.1 Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE)
12.5.2 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)
12.5.3 Coefficient of Determination (R2)
12.6 ANN Models Performance Evaluation
12.7 Results and Discussion
12.7.1 Case Study of Kolar Dam Catchment
12.7.2 Case Study of Kuttiyadi River Catchment
12.8 Evaluation and Assessment
12.9 Recommendation for Further Research Work
12.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Analysis of Urbanization and Assessment of Its Impact on Groundwater and Land Use/Land Cover Using GIS Techniques:...
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Study Area
13.2.1 Data Used
13.3 Methodology
13.3.1 Land Use Classification
13.3.2 Rainfall
13.3.3 Drainage Density
13.3.4 Slope
13.3.5 Soil
13.4 Results and Discussion
13.4.1 Ground Potential Zones of Gurugram
13.4.2 Flood Risk Zones of Gurugram Region
13.4.3 Drought-Prone Area of Gurugram
13.4.4 Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Changes of Gurugram
13.4.4.1 Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Changes
13.4.5 Effect on Groundwater Resources
13.4.5.1 Groundwater Quality
13.4.5.2 Groundwater Level
13.4.5.3 Effect on Rainfall Pattern
13.5 Conclusion
13.5.1 For Bhopal Region
13.6 Action Plan
13.7 Recommendations
References
Chapter 14: Application of Water Accounting Plus Framework for the Assessment of the Water Consumption Pattern and Food Securi...
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Land Use in the WA+ Framework
14.3 Total Evapotranspiration Sheet
14.4 Budyko Hypothesis for Estimation of Green and Blue Water ET
14.5 Agricultural Services Sheet
14.6 Key Indicators
14.7 An Example of Water Accounting Study of Krishna Basin, India
14.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Comparison of Probability Distributions for Extreme Value Analysis and Predicting Monthly Rainfall Pattern Using B...
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Literature Review
15.3 Methodology
15.3.1 MoM of P3 Distribution
15.3.2 MLM of P3 Distribution
15.3.3 Goodness-of-Fit Tests
15.3.4 Diagnostic Test
15.3.5 Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network
15.4 Application
15.5 Results and Discussion
15.5.1 Estimation of Extreme Rainfall
15.5.2 Analysis of Results Based on GoF Tests
15.5.3 Analysis of Results Based on Diagnostic Test
15.5.4 Selection of Probability Distribution
15.5.5 Efficiency Analysis of BR-ANN
15.5.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 16: An Indexing Method for Evaluating Managerial Effectiveness of a Watershed Project and Functional Involvement of Pa...
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Integrated Watershed Management Program (IWMP) Organizational Structure
16.1.2 What Do the Managers Supposed to Do?
16.1.3 State of Affairs in Watershed Management
16.2 Materials and Methods
16.2.1 Study Area and Data Collection
16.2.2 Organizational Involvement Index (OII)
16.2.3 Project Managerial Effectiveness Index (PMEI)
16.3 Results
16.4 Discussion
16.4.1 Functional Involvement of Participant Organizations
16.4.2 Managerial Effectiveness of the Watershed Project
16.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Pathways to Build Resilience Toward the Impact of Climate Change on the Indian Sunderban
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Background
17.2.1 Objectives
17.3 Material and Methods
17.3.1 Study Area
17.3.2 Geology and Geomorphology
17.3.3 Geohydrology
17.3.4 Hydroclimate
17.3.5 Soil
17.4 Results and Discussion
17.5 The Main Drivers and Uncertainties of Climate Change
17.5.1 Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise
17.5.2 Cyclone and Storm
17.5.3 Erosion and Accretion Patterns
17.5.4 Rise in Population
17.5.5 Pollution
17.5.6 History of Sunderban
17.6 Methodology for Inundation Mapping Using Google Earth Engine (GEE)
17.6.1 Governance Structure and Policy
17.7 The Governance Structure Needs to Restructure the Sunderban Land in Future
17.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Eco-Restoration for Climate Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Eco-Restoration for Climate Resilience
18.3 Eco-Restoration for Disaster Risk Reduction
18.4 Solutions and Practical Applications
18.5 Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
18.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Ecosystems and Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) for Health Protection and Epidemic Resilience
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Nature-Based Solutions
19.3 Role of NbS for Addressing Climate Change
19.4 Co-Benefits of NbS for Ecosystems Restoration and Public Health
19.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: Freshwater Ecosystem Conservation for Social Protection, Business, and Local Economy
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Research Methodology
20.2.1 Data Collection
20.2.1.1 Secondary Data: Parameters
National Studies
20.2.1.2 Questionnaire Survey
20.3 Results and Discussions
20.3.1 Outcome of Questionnaire Survey
20.3.1.1 Perception of People Toward the Development Model
20.3.1.2 Public Impression of the Effect on Ecological Balance
20.3.1.3 Public Opinion on the Value of Real Estate Development
20.3.1.4 Perception of People on the Footfall in the Locality
20.3.1.5 Public Opinion on the Economic Development of the City/Town
20.3.1.6 Public View on the Impression of Employment Generation
20.3.1.7 Public Views on Flood Mitigation
20.3.1.8 Public Views on the Tourism Development
20.3.1.9 Public View on the Best Riverfront Project
20.3.1.10 Public Awareness Regarding Sabarmati Project
20.3.2 Comparative Analysis
20.3.2.1 Relative Importance Index
20.3.3 Expert Interview
20.3.4 Draft Policy Framework
20.4 Conclusion
References