Ecology: principles and applications
Second Edition
J. L. Chapman, M.A., Ph.D.
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Cambridge
M. J. Reiss, M.A .. Ph.D.
Homerton College
Cambridge
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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ยฉ Cambridge University Press 1992. 1999
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptions and to the provisions
of relevant col!ective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take
place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
This edition first published 1999
12th printing 2012
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press. Cambridge
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-0-521-58802-7 Paperback
Prepared for publication by Stenton Associates
Cover illustration by Linda Baker-Smith
Text illustrations_ by Chris Etheridge and Ian Evans