Ecological Engineering Design: Restoring and Conserving Ecosystem Services

✍ Scribed by Marty D. Matlock, Robert Morgan

• Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 353
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Ecologically-sensitive building and landscape design is a broad, intrinsically interdisciplinary field.  Existing books independently cover narrow aspects of ecological design in depth (hydrology, ecosystems, soils, flora and fauna, etc.), but none of these books can boast of the integrated approach taken by this one.  Drawing on the experience of the authors, this book begins to define explicit design methods for integrating consideration of ecosystem processes and services into every facet of land use design, management, and policy.  The approach is to provide a prescriptive approach to ecosystem design based upon ecological engineering principles and practices.  This book will include a novel collection of design methods for the non-built and built environments, linking landscape design explicitly to ecosystem services.

✦ Table of Contents

Ecological Engineering Design......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
Introduction......Page 15
Axioms of Ecological Engineering......Page 16
Sustainable Design Principles......Page 17
Global Population Dynamics—The Forcing Function......Page 18
Global Fertility Rate Trajectories......Page 19
Changing Global Demographics......Page 20
Increasing Demands for Ecosystem Services......Page 22
Human Impacts through Urbanization......Page 23
Land Use Change......Page 25
Agricultural Production......Page 27
Water Resource Demands......Page 28
Lessons from the First Green Revolution......Page 30
Structure of This Book......Page 31
References......Page 32
Origin of Ecosystem Services......Page 36
Classifying Ecosystem Services......Page 38
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment......Page 42
Why Biodiversity Matters......Page 49
Ecosystem Services, Land Use, and Biodiversity......Page 51
References......Page 53
Design Challenges and Needs......Page 56
Current Design Methods Deficiencies......Page 57
Ecosystem Services Design Ethics......Page 60
Legitimacy and the Design Process......Page 62
The Design Process......Page 64
Synthesis......Page 67
The Ecotechnology Design Team......Page 68
Defining the Appropriate Management Structure......Page 69
Mapping Ecosystem Services Processes......Page 70
Defining Priorities......Page 72
Setting Design Goals......Page 73
Implementing Design Goals......Page 74
Assessing Ecosystem Services Design......Page 75
References......Page 76
Introduction......Page 78
Biogeographical Realms......Page 79
Biomes......Page 80
Bailey’s Ecoregions......Page 86
Omernik’s Ecoregions......Page 87
Olson’s Ecoregions......Page 90
Other Land Classification Systems......Page 92
Climate Change and Ecoregions......Page 93
Land Use Change and Ecoregions......Page 94
References......Page 95
Introduction......Page 97
Watershed Characteristics: Physical Description......Page 98
Watershed Hydrologic Characteristics......Page 106
Watershed Water Quality Characteristics......Page 113
Watershed Human Impacts......Page 114
Summary of Watershed Characteristics......Page 117
References......Page 118
Physical Characterization......Page 120
Hydrological Characterization......Page 121
Biological Characterization......Page 133
Climatological Characterization......Page 138
Summary......Page 139
References......Page 141
Introduction......Page 143
Morphology......Page 144
Soil Physics......Page 150
Soil Fertility......Page 153
Soil Ecology......Page 155
Further Readings......Page 157
References......Page 158
Introduction......Page 159
Fundamental Principles of Ecology......Page 162
Organisms and Place......Page 163
Adaptation Processes......Page 164
Responses to Environmental Variation......Page 166
Patches, Corridors, and Connectivity......Page 168
Ecotones and Edge Effects......Page 170
Landform Metrics......Page 172
References......Page 174
Introduction......Page 176
Energy Balance in the Biosphere......Page 178
Emergy as a Unit of Analysis......Page 182
Energy Density......Page 183
Primary Production......Page 184
Designing Trophic Levels......Page 187
Mass Flow through Ecosystems......Page 189
Hydrologic Cycle......Page 190
Carbon Cycle......Page 192
Nitrogen Cycle......Page 195
Phosphorus Cycle......Page 197
References......Page 198
Hierarchical Processes......Page 201
Types of Restoration Design......Page 202
Community Interactions......Page 204
Competition......Page 205
Commensalism......Page 206
Species-Area Relationship......Page 207
Minimum Viable Populations......Page 208
Regional Processes......Page 209
Dispersal......Page 210
Dispersion......Page 211
Abiotic Filters......Page 212
Disturbance Regimes......Page 213
Habitat Heterogeneity......Page 214
References......Page 215
Introduction......Page 216
Reproductive Strategies......Page 218
Survivorship......Page 219
Growth Rates......Page 220
Community Control Processes......Page 221
Plants and Nutrients......Page 222
Resource Competition......Page 223
Feedback Processes......Page 224
Atmospheric Feedback Loops......Page 225
Soil Feedback Loops......Page 226
Consumer Feedback Loops......Page 228
Designing Ecosystem Complexity......Page 229
Self-Organization......Page 231
References......Page 234
Introduction......Page 236
Assessment......Page 237
Hydrology......Page 241
Sedimentology......Page 247
Geomorphology......Page 249
Habitat......Page 252
Connectivity......Page 254
Riparian Corridor......Page 255
Summary......Page 256
References......Page 257
Ecosystem Services Design Process......Page 259
Agricultural Lands......Page 261
Forests......Page 265
Grasslands......Page 267
Wetlands......Page 270
Urban Areas......Page 274
References......Page 279
Introduction......Page 281
The Green Infrastructure Network......Page 282
Green Infrastructure Planning......Page 285
The Tools of Green Infrastructure......Page 286
The Sustainable Cities Initiative......Page 289
United Nations World Urban Forum......Page 290
ICLEI: Local Governments for Sustainability......Page 292
Summary......Page 294
References......Page 295
Introduction......Page 296
Hydrology......Page 298
Minimizing Change to Pre-development CN......Page 301
Maintaining or Increasing tc......Page 303
Bioretention......Page 304
Rain Barrels and Cisterns......Page 305
Tree Box Filters......Page 306
Rain Gardens......Page 307
Water Quality......Page 308
Natural Filtration......Page 309
Hydrologic Analysis......Page 310
Refugia......Page 314
Step 1: Define Project Objectives and Goals......Page 315
Step 3: Develop LID Control Strategies......Page 316
Step 4: Design LID Site or Master Plan......Page 317
Summary......Page 318
Further Readings......Page 319
References......Page 320
Introduction......Page 321
Agricultural Sustainability Indicators......Page 322
Environmental Indicators for Soil......Page 323
Environmental Indicators for Water......Page 326
Environmental Indicators for Habitat......Page 327
Social and Cultural Indicators......Page 328
Economic Indicators......Page 330
Field-Scale Indicators......Page 331
Step One: Scope Selection......Page 334
Step Two: Identify Priority Ecosystem Services......Page 335
Step Three: Analyze Trends in Priority Ecosystem Services......Page 337
Step Four: Identify Business Risks and Opportunities......Page 338
Step Five: Develop Strategies for Addressing Risks and Opportunities......Page 339
References......Page 341
Index......Page 343

✦ Subjects

Экологические дисциплины;Общая экология;Экологические основы природопользования;