he discovery of the incomplete but well-preserved lower mandible of a fossil hominid in Dmanisi is considered an important contribution to paleoanthropology. It dates to the early Pleistocene and is accompanied by a faunal assemblage as well as by core and flake industries produced from local raw materials. The faunal remains are assigned to the Lower Apsheronian or the end of the Late Villanyan and the Early Biharian Age of the continental Cenozoic; that attribution supported by bio-and magneto-stratigraphy. In addition, chronometrical dating of the lava flows directly underlying the fossil-bearing deposits indicates an age of approximately 1.8 Mya. These data permit us to argue that Dmanisi is the oldest fossil hominid site found, to date, in western Eurasia. Furthermore, the site marks this region as one of the possible loci for the early colonization of Eurasia by early hominids who came through the ''Levantine Corridor.'' Following the progress achieved in the study of Dmanisi, an international symposium was organized to provide a forum for discussions of the role of the Caucasus region in early human dispersals and the secondary routes used by hominids to move into other regions of Eurasia.