Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Preface to Series
Preface to Volume 2
Table of Contents
Part III: Methods of Dynamic Analysis
Chapter 1: Types of Numerical Analysis Methods and their Characteristics
1.1 Outline
1.2 Continuous Mass System and Lumped Mass System
1.2.1 Continuous Mass System
1.2.2 Lumped Mass System
1.3 Finite Element Method
1.3.1 Formulation of Equations of Motion using the Principle of Virtual Work
1.3.2 Finite Elements of Various Types
1.4 Calculus of Finite Differences Method
1.4.1 Difference Approximation
1.4.2 Finite Difference Method for Equation of Motion of an Elastic Body
1.4.3 Boundary Conditions
1.4.4 Stability
1.4.5 Treatment of a Boundary with an Arbitrary Shape
1.4.6 Treatment of an Artificial Boundary
1.5 Boundary Element Method
1.5.1 Integral Transform Method
1.5.2 Time Stepping Method
1.5.3 Numerical Analysis
Chapter 2: Basic Methods for Response Calculations
2.1 Outline
2.2 Analysis of Eigenvalues
2.2.1 Equations to Solve the Eigenvalue Problems
2.2.2 Computation of Eigenvalues of a Real Matrix
2.2.3 Computation of Eigenvalues of Complex Matrix
2.3 Modal Analysis Method
2.3.1 Discrete System
2.3.2 Continuous System
2.4 Direct Integration Method for Equation of Motion
2.4.1 Central Difference Method
2.4.2 Explicit Method and Implicit Method
2.4.3 Integration in Standard Form
2.4.4 Implicit Method for Equation of Motion
2.4.5 Summary of Direct Integration Method
2.5 Analysis of Frequency Domain
2.5.1 Unit Impulse Response and Frequency Response Function
2.5.2 Response under Action of Arbitrary External Force
2.5.3 Fourier Spectrum
2.5.4 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
2.6 Analysis of Random Response
2.6.1 Basics of Random Response Analysis
2.6.2 Power Spectrum and Spectral Density Function
2.6.3 Autocorrelation Function and Power Spectrum Density Function
2.6.4 Relation between Power Spectrum Density Function of an External Force and the Response
2.6.5 Mutual Correlation Function and Response of a Vibrating system
2.6.6 Physical spectrum
2.7 Response Spectrum
2.7.1 Linear Response Spectrum
2.7.2 Inelastic Response Spectrum
Chapter 3: Nonlinear Problem
3.1 Concept of Nonlinear Vibrations
3.2 Equivalent Linearization Method
3.2.1 Background of Equivalent Linearization Method
3.2.2 Kryloff-Bogoliuboff Analysis of Forced Vibrations
3.2.3 Damping Constant of a Vibrating System with an Arbitrary Viscoelastic Restoration Force
3.2.4 Equivalent Viscous Damping Factor of a Vibration System with Arbitrary Hysteretic Properties
3.2.5 Effect of Variations in Definition of Equivalent Linear Spring on Response
3.2.6 Detailed Sequence in Equivalent Linearization Method
3.2.7 Meaning of Damping Factor used in Equivalent Linearization Method in Accordance with Vibration Theory
3.2.8 Studies on Appropriateness of Equivalent Linearization Method
3.3 Dynamic Analysis Based on Material Nonlinearities
3.3.1 Nonlinear Elasticity
3.3.2 Elastoplasticity and Viscoelasticity
3.3.3 Change in Stiffness due to Cracks
3.3.4 Play, Separation, Fusion, Sliding
3.3.5 Solution of Equation of Motion using Material Nonlinearities
3.4 Dynamic Analysis Based on Finite Deformation
3.4.1 Lagrangian Method and Euler Method
3.4.2 Total Lagrangian Method and Updated Lagrangian Method
Chapter 4: Dynamic Analysis of Soil-Structure Interaction System
4.1 Expression for Mutual Dynamic Interaction
4.1.1 Governing Equation using Relative Coordinates
4.1.2 Governing Equation based on Absolute Coordinates
4.2 Analysis Based on Finite Element Method
4.2.1 Setting Boundary Conditions at the Artificial Boundary
4.2.2 Analysis of Whole Soil-Structure Interaction System
4.2.3 Analysis of Soil-Structure Interaction System when Sliding and/ or Separation Occur
4.3 Analysis Using Boundary Element Method
4.3.1 Direct Method
4.3.2 Indirect Method
4.4 Hybrid Analysis Based on Finite Element Method and Boundary Element Method
4.4.1 Boundary Element Method
4.4.2 Volume Method (Displacement Green's Function Method)
4.5 Complete Analysis Method and Substructure Analysis Method
4.5.1 Complete Analysis Method
4.5.2 Dynamic Substructure Analysis Method
References
Part IV: Dynamic Analysis of the Ground and Foundation
Chapter 1: Input Ground Motion
1.1 Seismic Bed Rock
1.1.1 Considerations of Seismic Bed Rock
1.1.2 Setting the Seismic Bed Rock
1.1.3 Incident Wave at Seismic Bed Rock and its Spectrum
1.2 Underground Distribution of Earthquake Motion
1.2.1 Measurement of Underground Earthquake Motion
1.2.2 Underground Earthquake Motion Distribution according to Wave Theory
1.3 Intensity of Earthquake Motion at Ground Surface
1.3.1 Peak Value of Earthquake Motion and Response Spectrum
1.3.2 Maximum Values of Earthquake Motion in Far Field
1.3.3 Maximum Values of Earthquake Motion in Near Field
1.4 Propagation of Seismic Wave and Phase Difference
1.4.1 Phase Difference of Ground Motion
1.4.2 Examples of Array Observations
1.4.3 Handling Phase Difference of Ground Motion in Earthquake-Resistant Design
Chapter 2: Seismic Analysis of Ground and Soil Structure
2.1 Methods of Dynamic Response Analysis of Horizontally Multilayer Ground and Its Behavior during an Earthquake
2.1.1 Multiple Reflections Analysis of an SH Wave using a Propagation Matrix
2.1.2 Multiple-Reflection Theory when P and SV Waves are Present
2.1.3 Analysis with Respect to Surface Wave
2.1.4 Analysis of Unidimensional Ground Motion using Equivalent Linearization Method
2.1.5 Factors Affecting Earthquake Response Characteristics of Layered Ground
2.1.6 Example of Nonlinear Response Analysis of Layered Ground
2.1.7 Modeling Nonlinear Amplification Characteristics of the Surface
2.2 Earthquake Motion Analysis of Ground with Irregular Topography
2.2.1 Relation between Irregular Topography and Earthquake Damage
2.2.2 Characteristics of Irregular Topography Determined from Earthquake Observations
2.2.3 Distinctive Features of Methods of Analysis and Examples
2.2.4 Points of Caution in Modeling Irregular Ground
2.3 Seismic Motion Analysis of Soil Structures
2.3.1 Typical Vibration Modes
2.3.2 Equivalent Radiation Damping
2.3.3 Superposition of Model Response
Chapter 3: Rupture of Ground Due to Earthquake and its Prediction
3.1 Types of Ground Rupture
3.2 Liquefaction of Sandy Ground
3.2.1 Methods of Predicting Liquefaction
3.2.2 Prediction of Liquefaction Potential
3.2.3 Prediction of Liquefaction based on Dynamic Analysis
3.2.4 Examples of Effective Stress Analysis
3.2.5 Prediction of Liquefaction by Effective Stress Analysis and Total Stress Analysis
3.3 Slope Failure
3.3.1 Types of Prediction Methods
3.3.2 Prediction Methods for Multiple Slopes in a Given Region
3.3.3 Prediction Based on Individual Slopes
3.3.4 Prediction of Stability Against Slide using Seismic Intensity Method
3.3.5 Detailed Analysis of Safety against Slide Method 1: Evaluation of Safety for Entire Soil Mass
3.3.6 Detailed Analysis of Safety against Slide Mathod 2: Evaluation of Safety for Local Area
3.3.7 Simple Method for Analyzing Extent of Deformation
3.3.8 Method for Detailed Analysis of Deformation
3.3.9 Analysis of Slope Rupture
Chapter 4: Analysis of Dynamic Interaction between Ground and Foundation of a Structure
4.1 Dynamic Interaction
4.1.1 Records of Acceleration Observed in Ground and in Structure
4.1.2 Definition of Dynamic Interaction and Dynamic Properties
4.1.3 Brief Historical Review
4.2 Considerations of an Analytical Model
4.2.1 Basis of an Analytical Model
4.2.2 Linear Model and Nonlinear Model
4.2.3 Properties of Impedance
4.2.4 Complex Stiffness and Additional Mass
4.2.5 Assuming Frequency Independent Complex Stiffness
4.2.6 Properties of Effective Earthquake Input Motion
4.3 Effect of Dynamic Interaction
4.4 Design Guidelines and Dynamic Interaction
4.4.1 Current Status of Design Guidelines
4.4.2 Considerations in ATC-3
4.4.3 Simple Method of Analysis-1
4.4.4 Simple Method of Analysis-2
4.4.5 Dynamic Interaction of Pile Foundation
4.4.6 Foundation Design
4.5 Examples of Detailed Analysis and Calculations
4.5.1 Effect of Embedment Depth and of Effective Earthquake Input Motion
4.5.2 Complex Stiffness
4.5.3 Effective Earthquake Input Motion
References
Index