Duplex Regnum Christi Christ’s Twofold Kingdom in Reformed Theology

✍ Scribed by Jonathan Beeke

• Publisher: Brill
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 269
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

In this historical study, Jonathon D. Beeke considers the various sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Reformed expressions regarding the duplex regnum Christi (the twofold kingdom of Christ), or, as especially denominated in the Lutheran context, the “doctrine of the two kingdoms.” While a sampling of patristic and medieval sources is considered, the focus is on select magisterial Reformers of the sixteenth century and representative intellectual centers of the seventeenth century (Leiden, Geneva, and Edinburgh). A primary concern is to examine the development of these formulations over the two centuries in question, and relate its maturation to the theological and political context of the early modern period. Various conclusions are offered that address the contemporary “two-kingdoms” debate within the Reformed tradition.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Introduction, Historical Method, and Statement of the Argument
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Overview of Secondary Scholarship
1.2.1 Scholarship on the Two Kingdoms within Lutheranism
1.2.2 Scholarship on the Two Kingdoms within the Reformed Tradition
1.3 Relevance of This Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Method of Investigation and Outline of Study
1.6 Statement of the Argument
Part 1 Early Magisterial Reformers and the Duplex Regnum Christi
Chapter 2 Laying the Patristic and Medieval Foundation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 John Chrysostom: “The Scripture Acknowledges Two Kingdoms of God”
2.3 Augustine of Hippo: An Eschatological Tension between Two Cities
2.4 Pope Boniface VIII and the Medieval Two-Swords Construct: Spiritual and Temporal Authority
2.5 Thomas Aquinas: “That the Office of Governing the Kingdom Should Be Learned from the Divine Government”
2.6 William of Ockham
2.7 Conclusion
Chapter 3 Martin Luther and the Two-Kingdoms Doctrine
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Luther and the Two Kingdoms: A Conceptual Framework
3.2.1 Terminological Considerations and Three Dualities
3.2.2 Further Conceptual Considerations
3.3 Luther and the Two Kingdoms: Temporal Authority (1523)
3.4 Luther on the Two Kingdoms and the Created Order
3.5 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Martin Bucer and John Calvin on Christ’s Kingdom
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Martin Bucer: De Regno Christi
4.2.1 Bucer’s Terminology and Its Significance
4.2.2 Points of Commonality and Distinction and the Role of the Magistrate in Restoring Christ’s Kingdom
4.3 The Twofold Kingdom of Christ in Calvin’s Thought: The Institutes
4.3.1 Calvin on the Twofold Kingdom: The Institutes (1536)
4.3.2 Calvin on the Twofold Kingdom: The Institutes (1559)
4.4 Calvin on the State of Sinless Adam
4.5 Calvin’s Twofold Kingdom: Consistent or Confused Application?
4.6 Conclusion
Part 2 Development of the Duplex Regnum Christi in Reformed Orthodoxy
Chapter 5 Introducing Terms and Concepts
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Terminological Considerations and Key Concepts
5.2.1 Regnum essentiale and regnum mediatorium
5.2.2 Other Terms Relating to the regnum essentiale and regnum mediatorium
5.2.3 A Threefold Kingdom of Power, Grace, and Glory
5.2.4 Further Variations
5.3 Placement of the Duplex Regnum Christi in Theological Systems
5.4 An “In-House” Debate
5.5 Conclusion
Chapter 6 The Duplex Regnum Christi in Reformed Orthodoxy: Leiden as Representative Center
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Contextual Considerations
6.2.1 Leiden: Brief Sixteenth-Century Civic History
6.2.2 Leiden University as an Intellectual Center of Reformed Orthodoxy
6.3 Franciscus Junius on the Twofold Kingdom of Christ
6.3.1 Exegetical Grounding: Junius’s Sacred Parallels
6.3.2 Junius’s Polemical Use of the Duplex Regnum
6.3.3 The Duplex Regnum in Junius’s Theological Theses
6.4 Scholastic Disputations at Leiden University and the Duplex Regnum Christi
6.4.1 The Nature and Use of Scholastic Disputations at Leiden University
6.4.2 The Duplex Regnum as Expressed Elsewhere in the Synopsis
6.4.3 Walaeus’s Disputation on the Session of Christ and the Duplex Regnum
6.5 Conclusion
6.4.4 The Duplex Regnum as Expressed Elsewhere in Walaeus’s Theology
Chapter 7 The Duplex Regnum Christi in Reformed Orthodoxy: Geneva as Representative Center
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Contextual Considerations
7.2.1 Geneva: Prior to 1536
7.2.2 Geneva: 1536–1603
7.2.3 Geneva: 1603–1685
7.3 Francis Turretin on the Twofold Kingdom of Christ
7.3.1 Francis Turretin (1623–1687): Biography
7.3.2 Turretin and the Duplex Regnum Christi
7.3.3 Turretin’s Twofold Kingdom and Federal Theology
7.3.4 Relating Turretin’s Twofold Kingdom and Federal Theology
7.3.5 Concluding Remarks on Turretin’s Use of the Duplex Regnum
7.4 Bénédict Pictet and the Twofold Kingdom of Christ
7.5 Conclusion
Chapter 8 The Duplex Regnum Christi in Reformed Orthodoxy: Edinburgh as Representative Center
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Contextual Considerations
8.2.1 1567–1637: Struggles between Presbytery and Prelacy
8.2.2 1637–1651: Period of the Second Reformation
8.2.3 1651–1660: The Church of Scotland under the Commonwealth
8.3 Edinburgh University
8.4 Johannes Scharpius and the Twofold Kingdom of Christ
8.4.1 The Twofold Kingdom of Christ in Cursus Theologicus: De Christi Officio
8.4.2 The Twofold Kingdom of Christ in Cursus Theologicus: De Ecclesia Militante
8.4.3 Analysis of Sharp’s Presentation of the Duplex Regnum
8.5 David Dickson and the Twofold Kingdom of Christ
8.5.1 An Exposition of All St. Paul’s Epistles
8.5.2 The Summe of Saving Knowledge
8.5.3 Truth’s Victory over Error
8.6 Conclusion
Chapter 9 Conclusion
9.1 Restatement of Argument
9.2 Summary of Findings
9.3 Reassessment of Secondary Literature
9.4 Conclusion
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Index