Microarray technology, which permits the rapid, simultaneous, and highly sensitive analysis of large numbers of biological samples, is now coming into widespread use for advanced research on gene expression, mutation analysis, proteomics, and gene sequencing. In DNA Arrays: Methods and Protocols, Jang Rampal and a authoritative panel of researchers, engineers, and technologists explain in detail how to design and construct these DNA arrays, as well as how to hybridize them with biological samples for analysis. In step-by-step instructions these experts detail not only how to attach or print arrays on various matrices, but also biological sample preparation (DNA and RNA), hybridization conditions, signal detection, probe optimization, different printing technologies, and data collection and analysis (bioinformatics). Additional topics covered include genotyping, sequencing by hybridization, antisense reagents, HLA-DQA typing techniques, and gene expression analysis. Rounding out the technical presentation are three chapters that review the history of microarrays, the ethical ramifications of genetic analysis using DNA arrays, and the business aspects of biochip technologies. Forward-looking and state-of-the-art, DNA Arrays: Methods and Protocols provides all investigators engaged in biological and biomedical research the full range of effective, readily reproducible microarray techniques needed today to analyze on a large scale the many different genes and gene sequences now available from the Human Genome Project.