Diversity and geographic distribution of adaptive traits inTriticum turgidumL. (durumgroup) wheat landraces from Turkey

✍ Scribed by Ardeshir B. Damania; Luciano Pecetti; Calvin O. Qualset; Bilal O. Humeid

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 1996
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 863 KB
• Volume: 43
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 1573-5109
• DOI: 10.1007/bf00123731

✦ Synopsis

A collection of 2,420 accessions derived from single-spike population samples of durum wheat landraces collected in 1984 from 172 sites in 28 provinces in Turkey was evaluated for nine adaptive traits at the ICARDA research station at Tel Hadya, near Aleppo, Syria. Differentiation of these accessions among provinces was found for number of days to heading, maturity, grain-filling days, as well as for plant height, peduncle length, number of spikelets per spike, spike length, awn length, and kernel weight. The first three canonical variables accounted for 90% of the total variance. Canonical analysis also revealed significant correlations to province mean temperatures, altitude, latitude, and length of the growing season, but not with total seasonal rainfall. Eight distinct groups of provinces were identified by cluster analysis. These clusters had both geographical orientation to eastern and western Turkey and to agroecological zonation for clusters having both eastern and western provinces. Accessions were found with high kernel weight, early heading and maturity, and awnless spikes which could be utilized in crop improvement programs targeted at either favorable or stressed environments. (Spagnoletti Zeuli et al., 1988) and for both long and short, narrow and wide, and small and large areas of flag leaves (Spagnoletti Zeuli & Qualset, 1990). Both winter and spring growth habit is found among Turkish durum wheats (Qualset & Puri, 1974b). These wheat accessions also included at low frequencies glossy leaf sheaths, pubescent glumes, black awns, red glumes, red grains, thus demonstrating large morphological diversity among Turkish durum wheats (Jain et al., 1975). Konzak et al. (1975) evaluated wheat germplasm from Turkey from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) collection for reaction to mildew (Erysiphe graminis) at Pullman, Washington, and estimated yellowberry percentages of the grain produced. Their data showed that much valuable material had already been collected by Harlan in 1948 and it was suggested that with appropriate changes in the collection strategy many more unique materials might be obtainable from Turkey.

Porceddu (1976) evaluated 2,400 samples of landraces from the world collection of durum wheat held at the Germplasm Institute in Bari, southern Italy, and recorded information on five morpho-agronomic traits. He noted a significant similarity between accessions from Turkey and the U.S, Pecetti et al. (1992a) evaluated a world collection of durum wheat comprising of 7,689 accessions from 22 countries, including 1,399 from Turkey. These accessions were assessed for agronomical characteristics over three consecutive seasons at Tel Hadya, near Aleppo, Syria. Univariate statistical analysis revealed differences among materials of diverse origins for all seven traits observed. The multivariate analyses revealed the distinctiveness of accessions from Ethiopia.