## Abstract In this article, recent research on parenting behaviors associated with infant attachment disorganization is summarized and applied to a parent–infant psychotherapy case. Both hostile/self‐referential and helpless‐fearful patterns of parenting are described and viewed theoretically as a
Disorganized infant attachment and preventive interventions: A review and meta-analysis
✍ Scribed by Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg; Marinus H. Van IJzendoorn; Femmie Juffer
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2005
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 298 KB
- Volume
- 26
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0163-9641
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
Infant disorganized attachment is a major risk factor for problematic stress management and later problem behavior. Can the emergence of attachment disorganization be prevented? The current narrative review and quantitative meta-analysis involves 15 preventive interventions (N ϭ 842) that included infant disorganized attachment as an outcome measure. The effectiveness of the interventions ranged from negative to positive, with an overall effect size of d ϭ 0.05 (ns). Effective interventions started after 6 months of the infant's age (d ϭ 0.23). Interventions that focused on sensitivity only were significantly more effective in reducing attachment disorganization (d ϭ 0.24) than interventions that (also) focused on support and parent's mental representations (d ϭ Ϫ0.04). Most sample characteristics were not associated with differences in effect sizes, but studies with children at risk were more successful (d ϭ 0.29) than studies with at-risk parents (d ϭ Ϫ0.10), and studies on samples with higher percentages of disorganized attachment in the control groups were more effective (d ϭ 0.31) than studies with lower percentages of disorganized children in the control group (d ϭ Ϫ0.18). The meta-analysis shows that disorganized attachments may change as a side effect of sensitivity-focused interventions, but it also illustrates the need for interventions specifically focusing on the prevention of disorganization.
RESUMEN: La desorganizada afectividad del infante es un gran factor de riesgo en cuanto a la forma problema ´tica de manejar la tensio ´n y los posteriores problemas de conducta. ¿Se puede prevenir la aparicio ´n de desorganizacio ´n en la afectividad? La presente revisio ´n y meta-ana ´lisis cuantitativo de informacio ´n narrativa considera 15 intervenciones preventivas (N ϭ 842) que incluyen las desorganizadas afectividades del infante como una medida de resultado. La efectividad de las intervenciones va de las negativas a las positivas, con un alcance general de los efectos de d ϭ 0.05 (n.s.) Las intervenciones efectivas comenzaron despue ´s de los seis meses de la edad del infante (d ϭ 0.23). Aquellas intervenciones que se enfocaron en la sensibilidad so ´lo se mostraron significativamente ma ´s efectivas en reducir la desorganizacio ´n de la afectividad (d ϭ 0.24) que aquellas intervenciones que (tambie ´n) se enfocaron en el apoyo y las representaciones mentales de los padres (d ϭ Ϫ0.04). La mayor parte de las caracterı ´sticas de la muestra no se asociaron con diferencias en cuanto al alcance de los efectos, sin embargo, los estudios con nin ˜os bajo riesgo fueron ma ´s exitosos (d ϭ 0.29) que los estudios con padres bajo riesgo (d ϭ 0.10); y los estudios en casos de ma ´s altos porcentajes de afectividad desorganizada en los grupos de control We thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on earlier drafts of this article.
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