Digital and analog communication systems

✍ Scribed by Couch, Leon W

• Publisher: Pearson; Prentice Hall
• Year: 2012;2013
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 789
• Series: Prentice-Hall international editions
• Edition: 8th, intl. ed
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Exceptionally up-to-date, this book provides a broad introduction to basic analog and digital principles and their application to the design and analysis of real- world communication systems. It provides readers with a working knowledge of how to use both classical mathematical and personal computer methods to analyze, design, and simulate modern communication systems. MATLAB is integrated throughout.KEY TOPICS:Study-aid examples and homework problems are included, many of which require solution via a personal computer. MATLAB illustrative examples and plots are included. Balanced coverage of both analog and digital communication systems with an emphasis on the design of digital communication systems. Case studies of modern communication systems are provided. Over 500 problems provided.MARKET:For electrical engineers.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 14
LIST OF SYMBOLS......Page 18
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 24
1–1 Historical Perspective......Page 26
1–2 Digital and Analog Sources and Systems......Page 28
1–3 Deterministic and Random Waveforms......Page 29
1–4 Organization of the Book......Page 30
1–6 Block Diagram of a Communication System......Page 31
1–7 Frequency Allocations......Page 33
1–8 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves......Page 35
1–9 Information Measure......Page 40
1–10 Channel Capacity and Ideal Communication Systems......Page 42
1–11 Coding......Page 43
Block Codes......Page 44
Convolutional Codes......Page 46
Code Performance......Page 49
Trellis-Coded Modulation......Page 51
1–13 Study-Aid Examples......Page 53
Problems......Page 54
2–1 Properties of Signals and Noise......Page 57
Physically Realizable Waveforms......Page 58
Time Average Operator......Page 59
DC Value......Page 60
Power......Page 61
RMS Value and Normalized Power......Page 63
Decibel......Page 64
Phasors......Page 66
Definition......Page 67
Properties of Fourier Transforms......Page 71
Parseval’s Theorem and Energy Spectral Density......Page 72
Dirac Delta Function and Unit Step Function......Page 75
Rectangular and Triangular Pulses......Page 78
Convolution......Page 83
Power Spectral Density......Page 86
Autocorrelation Function......Page 88
2–4 Orthogonal Series Representation of Signals and Noise......Page 90
Orthogonal Functions......Page 91
Orthogonal Series......Page 92
Complex Fourier Series......Page 94
Quadrature Fourier Series......Page 95
Polar Fourier Series......Page 97
Line Spectra for Periodic Waveforms......Page 98
Power Spectral Density for Periodic Waveforms......Page 103
Impulse Response......Page 105
Transfer Function......Page 106
Distortionless Transmission......Page 109
2–7 Bandlimited Signals and Noise......Page 112
Sampling Theorem......Page 113
Impulse Sampling and Digital Signal Processing......Page 116
Dimensionality Theorem......Page 118
2–8 Discrete Fourier Transform......Page 120
Using the DFT to Compute the Continuous Fourier Transform......Page 121
Using the DFT to Compute the Fourier Series......Page 126
2–9 Bandwidth of Signals......Page 128
2–10 Summary......Page 135
2–11 Study-Aid Examples......Page 136
Problems......Page 140
3–1 Introduction......Page 155
Natural Sampling (Gating)......Page 156
Instantaneous Sampling (Flat-Top PAM)......Page 160
3–3 Pulse Code Modulation......Page 164
Sampling, Quantizing, and Encoding......Page 165
Practical PCM Circuits......Page 168
Bandwidth of PCM Signals......Page 169
Effects of Noise......Page 171
Nonuniform Quantizing: μ-Law and A-Law Companding......Page 175
3–4 Digital Signaling......Page 178
Vector Representation......Page 180
Binary Signaling......Page 183
Multilevel Signaling......Page 185
Binary Line Coding......Page 187
Power Spectra for Binary Line Codes......Page 190
Differential Coding......Page 197
Eye Patterns......Page 198
Regenerative Repeaters......Page 199
Bit Synchronization......Page 201
Power Spectra for Multilevel Polar NRZ Signals......Page 204
Spectral Efficiency......Page 207
3–6 Intersymbol Interference......Page 208
Nyquist’s First Method (Zero ISI)......Page 211
Raised Cosine-Rolloff Nyquist Filtering......Page 212
3–7 Differential Pulse Code Modulation......Page 217
3–8 Delta Modulation......Page 221
Granular Noise and Slope Overload Noise......Page 224
Adaptive Delta Modulation and Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation......Page 226
Speech Coding......Page 227
Frame Synchronization......Page 229
Synchronous and Asynchronous Lines......Page 233
TDM Hierarchy......Page 236
The T1 PCM System......Page 238
3–10 Packet Transmission System......Page 242
3–11 Pulse Time Modulation: Pulse Width Modulation and Pulse Position Modulation......Page 243
3–13 Study-Aid Examples......Page 247
Problems......Page 251
4–1 Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Waveforms......Page 260
Complex Envelope Representation......Page 261
4–3 Spectrum of Bandpass Signals......Page 264
4–4 Evaluation of Power......Page 268
Equivalent Low-Pass Filter......Page 271
Linear Distortion......Page 273
4–6 Bandpass Sampling Theorem......Page 275
Filters......Page 277
Amplifiers......Page 281
4–9 Nonlinear Distortion......Page 282
4–10 Limiters......Page 287
4–11 Mixers, Up Converters, and Down Converters......Page 289
4–12 Frequency Multipliers......Page 295
Envelope Detector......Page 297
Product Detector......Page 298
Frequency Modulation Detector......Page 300
4–14 Phase-Locked Loops and Frequency Synthesizers......Page 305
Generalized Transmitters......Page 313
Generalized Receiver: The Superheterodyne Receiver......Page 315
Zero-IF Receivers......Page 319
4–17 Software Radios......Page 320
4–19 Study-Aid Examples......Page 322
Problems......Page 328
5 AM, FM, AND DIGITAL MODULATED SYSTEMS......Page 336
5–1 Amplitude Modulation......Page 337
5–2 AM Broadcast Technical Standards and Digital AM Broadcasting......Page 342
Digital AM Broadcasting......Page 343
5–3 Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier......Page 344
5–4 Costas Loop and Squaring Loop......Page 345
Single Sideband......Page 347
Vestigial Sideband......Page 351
Representation of PM and FM Signals......Page 354
Spectra of Angle-Modulated Signals......Page 359
Narrowband Angle Modulation......Page 364
Wideband Frequency Modulation......Page 365
Preemphasis and Deemphasis in Angle-Modulated Systems......Page 369
5–7 Frequency-Division Multiplexing and FM Stereo......Page 371
Digital FM Broadcasting......Page 374
On-Off Keying (OOK)......Page 376
Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK)......Page 380
Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK)......Page 382
5–10 Multilevel Modulated Bandpass Signaling......Page 389
Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and M-ary Phase-Shift Keying......Page 390
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)......Page 393
OQPSK and π/4 QPSK......Page 394
PSD for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK, and π/4 QPSK......Page 397
Spectral Efficiency for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK, and π/4 QPSK with Raised Cosine Filtering......Page 399
5–11 Minimum-Shift Keying and GMSK......Page 401
5–12 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)......Page 408
5–13 Spread Spectrum Systems......Page 411
Direct Sequence......Page 412
Frequency Hopping......Page 419
5–15 Study-Aid Examples......Page 420
Problems......Page 424
6 RANDOM PROCESSES AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS......Page 437
Random Processes......Page 438
Stationarity and Ergodicity......Page 439
Correlation Functions and Wide-Sense Stationarity......Page 443
Complex Random Processes......Page 446
Definition......Page 447
Wiener-Khintchine Theorem......Page 449
Properties of the PSD......Page 451
General Formula for the PSD of Digital Signals......Page 456
White-Noise Processes......Page 458
Measurement of PSD......Page 459
6–3 DC and RMS Values for Ergodic Random Processes......Page 460
Input-Output Relationships......Page 462
RMS Bandwidth......Page 467
6–6 The Gaussian Random Process......Page 469
Properties of Gaussian Processes......Page 471
Bandpass Representations......Page 473
Properties of WSS Bandpass Processes......Page 477
Proofs of Some Properties......Page 482
General Results......Page 487
Results for White Noise......Page 489
Correlation Processing......Page 492
Transversal Matched Filter......Page 494
6–9 Summary......Page 498
6–10 Appendix: Proof of Schwarz’s Inequality......Page 500
6–11 Study-Aid Examples......Page 502
Problems......Page 504
7 PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORRUPTED BY NOISE......Page 515
General Results......Page 516
Results for Gaussian Noise......Page 518
Results for White Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception......Page 520
Results for Colored Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception......Page 521
Unipolar Signaling......Page 522
Bipolar Signaling......Page 525
On-Off Keying......Page 527
Binary-Phase-Shift Keying......Page 529
Frequency-Shift Keying......Page 530
On-Off Keying......Page 534
Frequency-Shift Keying......Page 538
Differential Phase-Shift Keying......Page 540
7–5 Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and Minimum-Shift Keying......Page 542
Bit-Error Rate and Bandwidth......Page 544
Symbol Error and Bit Error for Multilevel Signaling......Page 546
Synchronization......Page 547
7–7 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for PCM Systems......Page 548
7–8 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Analog Systems......Page 553
Comparison with Baseband Systems......Page 554
AM Systems with Product Detection......Page 555
AM Systems with Envelope Detection......Page 556
SSB Systems......Page 558
PM Systems......Page 559
FM Systems......Page 563
FM Systems with Threshold Extension......Page 566
FM Systems with Deemphasis......Page 568
Ideal System Performance......Page 571
7–11 Study-Aid Examples......Page 574
Problems......Page 583
8–1 The Explosive Growth of Telecommunications......Page 592
Historical Basis......Page 593
Modern Telephone Systems and Remote Terminals......Page 594
8–3 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)......Page 600
G.DMT and G.Lite Digital Subscriber Lines......Page 601
Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)......Page 603
8–5 Satellite Communication Systems......Page 606
Digital and Analog Television Transmission......Page 610
Data and Telephone Signal Multiple Access......Page 612
Satellite Radio Broadcasting......Page 618
Signal Power Received......Page 620
Thermal Noise Sources......Page 623
Characterization of Noise Sources......Page 624
Noise Characterization of Linear Devices......Page 625
Noise Characterization of Cascaded Linear Devices......Page 630
Link Budget Evaluation......Page 632
E[Sub(b)]/N[Sub(o)] Link Budget for Digital Systems......Page 635
Path Loss for Urban Wireless Environments......Page 636
8–7 Fiber-Optic Systems......Page 641
8–8 Cellular Telephone Systems......Page 643
First Generation (1G)—The AMPS Analog Circuit-switched System......Page 647
Second Generation (2G)—The Digital Circuit-switched Systems......Page 649
Fourth Generation (4G)—Digital with Packet Switching......Page 652
Analog Black-and-White Television......Page 653
Analog Color Television......Page 660
Standards for TV and CATV Systems......Page 664
Digital TV (DTV)......Page 672
8–10 Cable Data Modems......Page 676
WiFi......Page 678
WiMAX......Page 679
8–13 Study-Aid Examples......Page 680
Problems......Page 685
Trigonometric Identities and Complex Numbers......Page 692
Derivative Table......Page 693
Definition......Page 694
Indefinite Integrals......Page 695
Definite Integrals......Page 696
Infinite Series......Page 697
A–8 The Dirac Delta Function......Page 698
Properties of Dirac Delta Functions......Page 699
A–9 Tabulation of Sa (x) = (sin x)/x......Page 700
A–10 Tabulation of Q (z)......Page 701
B–1 Introduction......Page 703
B–2 Sets......Page 704
Simple Probability......Page 705
Joint Probability......Page 706
Conditional Probabilities......Page 707
B–5 Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Density Functions......Page 708
Discrete and Continuous Distributions......Page 711
Ensemble Average......Page 715
Moments......Page 716
Binomial Distribution......Page 718
Gaussian Distribution......Page 721
Sinusoidal Distribution......Page 726
B–8 Functional Transformations of Random Variables......Page 727
Multivariate CDFs and PDFs......Page 732
Bivariate Statistics......Page 734
Multivariate Functional Transformation......Page 735
Central Limit Theorem......Page 738
Problems......Page 739
APPENDIX C: USING MATLAB......Page 746
C–2 Quick Start for Running M-Files......Page 747
C–3 Programming in MATLAB......Page 748
REFERENCES......Page 750
ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS......Page 762
A......Page 770
B......Page 771
C......Page 772
D......Page 773
E......Page 774
F......Page 775
I......Page 776
L......Page 777
M......Page 778
O......Page 779
P......Page 780
R......Page 781
S......Page 782
T......Page 784
Z......Page 785

✦ Subjects

Science;Engineering