Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Abbreviations of terms
Preface
Introduction
Problem and method
Terminology
Transcription
I. THE APOPHONIC PASSIVE IN ARABIC
Introduction
The passive construction
Morphology
The inner or apophonic passive in Arabic
The drag-chain argument
The push-chain argument
The simplification argument
Conclusions
II. THE APOPHONIC PASSIVE MARKER IN SEMITIC
General survey
The original extension of the apophonic passive: arguments
Origin of the apophonic passive: arguments
The auxiliary argument
The qutal argument
The intransitive argument
Evaluation of the arguments
Summary
III. THE YUQTAL AS PASSIVE MARKER
Introduction
The yuqtal: general considerations
yuqtal-forms in Biblical Hebrew
Supposed yuqtal-forms in Ugaritic
The Amarna letters
The yuqtal-forms in BH, Ugarit and Byblos: Conclusions
IV. THE SEMITIC CAUSATIVE CONJUGATION
Introduction
The Semitic causative conjugation: Preliminary
The non-augmented imperfect of the CCj
The elision hypothesis: Hebrew
The elision hypothesis: Aramaic
The elision hypothesis: Geʿez
The elision hypothesis: Arabic
The haplology argument
The non-elision argument
yaqtil in Amoritic
yaqtil and the CCj: Preliminary conclusion
The maqtil participle
The differentiation of the CCj imperfect: the Hebrew hifʿil
Differentiation of the CCj: attentuation
I w/y verbs
Northwest Semitic
Geʿez
The yqtl/ʾqtl in Ugaritic
The CCj imperfect: summary
The morphological origin of the CCj perfect in Semitic
The unitary origin hypothesis
The separate origin hypothesis I: š/s versus h/ʾ
The separate origin hypothesis II: š- versus h- versus ʾ
The ʾ-affix
The š/s-affix
The h-affix
Conclusions on the augmented CCj forms
The CCj in Semitic: a diachronic synthesis
Excursus I: the CCj in South Arabian
Excursus II: Iw/y verbs in South Arabian
Excursus III: the CCj in Phoenician
V. THE CAUSATIVE CONJUGATION IN ARABIC
Introduction
The CCj in Vernacular Arabic
Thematic CCj in VA
The s-augment in VA
The North Arabian A-B dialects
Irregular distribution of the a-augment
Excursus: Iw/y imperfects in VA
The CCj in VA/HA: explanations
The CCj in Middle Arabic
Pre-MA evidence
The function of the qatal/ʾaqtal in the ʿArabiyya
The yaqtil/yuqtil form in Modern Standard Arabic
The CCj and the connection HA-VA
The Arabic CCj in a Semitic perspective
The st-stem
Excursus: the verbs 'give' and 'come' in VA
VI. THE IMPERFECT PASSIVE MARKER OF THE G-STEM IN SEMITIC
Introduction
The reemployment of yuqtal
The connection yuqtal-yaqtil
The morphology of the imperfect PM in Semitic in general
The Gt stem as PM
The nG and the yuqtal PM
The yuqtal and the CCj
The tG PM
The ttG stem as PM
The distribution of the nG and tG/ttG and its background
The t-forms
The n-forms
The passive construction and the subjectless construction
The ultimate origin of the yuqtal/yiqtal imperfect
The i and u prefix vowels
The yuqtal/yiqtal as PM in VA: solution
Transformations of the yuqtal/yiqtal forms
Conclusions
Excursus: Frequencies of stems
VII. THE OTHER PASSIVE MARKERS IN SEMITIC
The PM in the perfect
The qatīl versus qutal/qutil
qutal/quttal
qutal conjugations in other Semitic languages: fʿāl
The qutal as PM: summary
The qutil/huqtil as PM: survey
The origin of the qutil/huqtil pattern
The treatment of the u-u- sequence in Semitic
qīl
qūl
qitil
qitil forms in Hebrew
yqattal/mqattal
The origin of the yqattal imperfect
VIII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Summary
Concluding remarks
Appendix I
Appendix II
Bibliography
General index
Index of forms