Development of the transmission line matrix method in acoustics applications to higher modes in the vocal tract and other complex ducts
✍ Scribed by Samir El-Masri; Xavier Pelorson; Pierre Saguet; Pierre Badin
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1998
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 369 KB
- Volume
- 11
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0894-3370
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✦ Synopsis
Most traditional theories of speech production are currently based on plane waves. However, it is well known that, for acoustic waveguides, higher acoustical modes start to propagate and can become predominant above cut-on frequencies. This paper thus presents the transmission line matrix method, a numerical method initially designed for electromagnetic waves, and its adaptation to acoustic waveguides. The method, and in particular the representation of boundary conditions, is validated by comparison with known analytical theories. It is then used to show the dramatic effect of higher order modes upon the radiation characteristics of uniform ducts, as well as the importance of source location. Finally, first applications to bent and bifurcating rectangular ducts are presented, and the transfer function of a vowel [a] is shown to display frequency patterns typical of those measured on human subjects and that cannot be explained by one-dimensional propagation only.