Development of the sympathoadrenal system in the chick embryo: An immunocytochemical study with antibodies to pan-neuroendocrine markers, catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, proprotein-processing enzymes, and neuropeptides
✍ Scribed by Sánchez-Montesinos, Indalecio ;Mérida-Velasco, Juan A. ;Espín-Ferra, Joaquín ;Scopsi, Lucio
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1996
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 816 KB
- Volume
- 245
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0003-276X
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✦ Synopsis
Background:
The adrenal chromaffin cells synthesize, store and secrete a complex mixture containing amines, structural proteins, enzymes, and neurohormonal polypeptides. Most of the studies dealing with the development of the avian sympathoadrenal system have been based on antibodies recognizing signal molecules like HNK-1, NC-1, and N-CAM.
Methods: The development of the chick sympathoadrenal system was studied from 3% to 21 days of incubation, both morphologically and immunocytochemically, using antibodies to 17 separate antigens, including antibodies to pan-neuroendocrine markers, catecholamine synthesizing enzymes, proprotein-processing enzymes, and neuropeptides.
Results: Some of the antigens studied were heavily expressed from the first days of development, e.g., chromogranin-A, chromogranin-B, Go protein-cw subunit, tyrosine hydroxylase, and galanin, while for others a strong heterogeneity both in number of immunoreactive cells and intensity of immunostaining was recorded at the different stages, e.g., dopamine-p-hydroxylase, 7B2 protein, proprotein convertase 2, somatostatin, met-enkephalin, secretogranin 11, proprotein convertase 3, neuropeptide Y, phenyl-N-methyl transferase, and neuron-specific enolase. The first immunoreactivities to appear at day 3% were those for HNK-1, tyrosine hydroxylase, chromogranin-A, and chromogranin-B. Except for HNK-1, immunoreactivity for all the remaining antigens showed a steady increase up to the hatching.
Conclusions: Three expression patterns were found, in the developmental adrenal gland defining early permanent markers (chromogranin-A, chromogranin-B, Go protein-cu subunit, tyrosine hydroxylase, and galanin), others that show a progressively increased expression until the day 10 of development (dopamine-p-hydroxylase, 7B2 protein, proprotein convertase 2, somatostatin, met-enkephalin), and late-appearing antigens (secretogranin 11, proprotein convertase 3, neuropeptide Y, phenyl-N-methyl transferase, and neuron-specific enolase).