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Development of the clavicles in birds and mammals

✍ Scribed by Hall, Brian K.

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 2001
Tongue: English
Weight: 551 KB
Volume: 289
Category: Article
ISSN: 0022-104X
DOI: 10.1002/1097-010x(20010215)289:3<153::aid-jez1>3.0.co;2-o

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✦ Synopsis

Clavicles (collar bones) are variably present in mammals. Furculae (wishbones)--which may or may not be homologous with clavicles--are variably present and/or fused in birds and present in theropod dinosaurs. In this overview the development of clavicles and furculae is discussed with special attention to modes of skeletogenesis (whether intramembranous or endochondral), numbers of centres of ossification (one in chick furculae; two in murine clavicles), presence of cartilage (primary in clavicles, secondary in furculae), evidence from experimental analysis and from mutations for dependence of both clavicular and furcular growth on mechanical stimulation, and syndromes and mutations affecting clavicular development leading to both under and over development. J. Exp. Zool. 289:153-161, 2001.

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