Development and validation of the diabetes fear of injecting and self-testing questionnaire (D-FISQ): first findings
✍ Scribed by Snoek, F.J.; Mollema, E.D.; Heine, R.J.; Bouter, L.M.; Van Der Ploeg, H.M.
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1997
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 120 KB
- Volume
- 14
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0742-3071
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✦ Synopsis
To quantify the degree of fear of self-injecting insulin and self-testing of blood glucose in adult insulin-treated diabetic patients, the Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-testing Questionnaire (D-FISQ) was developed. The D-FISQ is a 30-item self-report questionnaire consisting of two subscales that measure Fear of Self-Injecting (FSI) and Fear of Self-Testing (FST).
To test validity and internal consistency, the D-FISQ was administered to a sample of 266 insulin-treated patients (Type 1 and Type 2); four diagnosed injection phobic insulinrequiring diabetic patients also completed the D-FISQ. The minimal score was obtained on the subscales by 62 % (FSI) and 57 % (FST) of the population. The D-FISQ demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach's ␣s of 0.94 (D-FISQ), 0.94 (FSI), and 0.90 (FST). Spearman rho between fear of self-injecting and fear of self-testing was 0.59 (p Ͻ 0.001), justifying two separate subscales. Construct validity was confirmed by a correlation of 0.44 with Spielbergers Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spearman rho, p Ͻ 0.001). FSI-scores from the injection phobic patients were all Ն95th percentile, while three scored Ն95 % on FST, indicating discriminative validity. Results confirm homogeneity and validity of the D-FISQ and suggest usefulness of this instrument in both clinical practice and research.