Develop your own Bluetooth Low Energy Applications: for Raspberry Pi, ESP32 and nRF52 with Python, Arduino and Zephyr

✍ Scribed by Koen Vervloesem

• Publisher: PUBLITR ELEKTOR
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 258
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Pour Raspberry Pi, ESP32 et nRF52 avec Python, Arduino et Zephyr.

Ce livre vous montre les ficelles de la programmation BLE avec Python et la bibliothèque Bleak sur un Raspberry Pi ou un PC, avec C++ et NimBLE-Arduino sur les cartes de développement ESP32 d'Espressif, et avec C sur l'une des cartes de développement prises en charge par le système d'exploitation en temps réel Zephyr, notamment les cartes nRF52 de Nordic Semiconductor.

Les puces radio à énergie basse Bluetooth (Bluetooth Low Energy BLE) sont omniprésentes, du Raspberry Pi aux ampoules électriques. BLE est une technologie développée avec des spécifications complètes, mais les bases sont assez accessibles.

Une approche progressive et systématique vous guidera vers la maîtrise de cette technique de communication sans fil, qui est essentielle pour travailler dans des applications de faible puissance.

Dans ce livre, vous apprendrez à :

• Découvrir les appareils BLE dans votre entourage en écoutant leurs annonces.
• Créez vos propres dispositifs BLE en annonçant des données.
• Connectez-vous à des dispositifs BLE tels que des moniteurs de fréquence cardiaque et des détecteurs de proximité.
• Créez des connexions sécurisées avec les appareils BLE grâce au cryptage et à l'authentification.
• Comprendre les spécifications des services et des profils BLE et les appliquer.
• Reconvertir un dispositif BLE avec une exécution exclusive et le contrôler avec votre propre logiciel.
• Faire en sorte que vos appareils BLE utilisent le moins d'énergie possible.

Ce livre vous montre les ficelles de la programmation BLE avec Python et la bibliothèque Bleak sur un Raspberry Pi ou un PC, avec C++ et NimBLE-Arduino sur les cartes de développement ESP32 d'Espressif, et avec C sur l'une des cartes de développement prises en charge par le système d'exploitation en temps réel Zephyr, notamment les cartes nRF52 de Nordic Semiconductor.

Vous commencerez avec peu de théorie et développerez du code Après avoir lu ce livre, vous en saurez suffisamment pour créer vos propres applications BLE.

✦ Table of Contents

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Develop your own Bluetooth Low Energy Applications
All rights reserved.
Content
Preface
1 • Introduction
1.1 What is Bluetooth Low Energy?
1.2 Layered architecture
1.3 How to communicate with BLE devices
1.3.1 Without a connection
1.3.2 With a connection
1.4 Advantages of BLE
1.4.1 Low power consumption
1.4.2 Ubiquitous
1.4.3 Low cost
1.5 Disadvantages of BLE
1.5.1 Short range
1.5.2 Limited speed
1.5.3 You need a gateway
1.6 Platforms used in this book
1.6.1 Python/Bleak (Raspberry Pi, PC)
1.6.2 C++/NimBLE-Arduino (ESP32)
1.6.3 C/Zephyr (nRF52)
1.7 How to use this book
1.8 Summary and further exploration
2 • Preparing your development environment
2.1 Python and Bleak on your PC or Raspberry Pi
2.2 The Arduino platform with NimBLE-Arduino for the ESP32
2.2.1 Install Arduino CLI
2.2.2 Install the ESP32 Arduino core
2.2.3 Detect your ESP32 board
2.2.4 Install the NimBLE-Arduino library
2.3 The Zephyr development environment for nRF5 devices
2.3.1 Build a Zephyr application
2.3.2 Flash a Zephyr application
2.4 The nRF Connect for Desktop application
2.5 The nRF Connect mobile app
2.6 The Bluetooth Low Energy app in nRF Connect for Desktop
2.7 Wireshark and a BLE sniff er dongle
2.7.1 Downloading Wireshark and the nRF Sniffer for Bluetooth LE
2.7.2 Installing the nRF Sniffer for Bluetooth LE firmware
2.7.3 Installing the nRF Sniff er capture tool
2.7.4 Installing the BLE profi le
2.7.5 Testing a BLE packet capture
2.8 Summary and further exploration
3 • Broadcasting data with advertisements
3.1 Device roles
3.2 Advertising packets
3.2.1 Advertising channels
3.2.2 Advertising packet structure
3.3 Discovering advertisements with Bleak
3.3.1 Scanning for devices
3.3.2 Detection callbacks
3.3.3 Active and passive scanning
3.4 Public and random Bluetooth addresses
3.5 The iBeacon specification
3.6 Decoding iBeacon advertisements using Bleak
3.7 Discovering advertisements with NimBLE-Arduino
3.8 Decoding manufacturer-specifi c data using NimBLE-Arduino
3.8.1 Decoding iBeacon advertisements
3.8.2 Decoding Microsoft advertising beacons
3.9 Broadcasting iBeacon advertisements with Zephyr
3.9.1 Advertising data structures in Zephyr
3.9.2 Enabling Bluetooth
3.9.3 Advertising
3.9.4 Building and fl ashing the code
3.9.5 Investigating the advertised packets
3.10 Broadcasting sensor data as manufacturer-specific data with Zephyr
3.10.1 Hardware
3.10.2 Project structure
3.10.3 Source code
3.10.4 Decoding the BME280 sensor data
3.11 Advertise scan response data with Zephyr
3.12 Summary and further exploration
4 • Connections and services
4.1 Device roles
4.2 Attributes
4.3 Services, characteristics, and descriptors
4.3.1 Services
4.3.2 Characteristics
4.3.3 Descriptors
4.4 Discovering services and characteristics with nRF Connect
4.5 A minimal GATT server
4.6 Discovering services and characteristics with Bleak
4.7 Reading and writing characteristics using Bleak
4.7.1 Reading characteristics
4.7.2 Reading characteristics by their handle
4.7.3 Writing characteristics
4.8 Notifi cations and indications
4.8.1 Read heart rate notifi cations
4.8.2 Read notifi cations from multiple devices
4.9 Creating a heart rate monitor with NimBLE-Arduino
4.10 Creating a GATT server with Zephyr
4.10.1 Exposing the Device Information service
4.10.2 Creating a BLE sensor with Zephyr
4.10.3 Reading the sensor characteristic
4.10.4 Sniffi ng packets in an unencrypted BLE connection
4.11 Receiving service data without a connection
4.11.1 Scanning for service data
4.11.2 Receiving Exposure Notifi cation advertisements
4.12 Summary and further exploration
5 • Securing BLE connections
5.1 BLE security architecture
5.2 Pairing and bonding
5.2.1 Phase 1: Exchange of pairing information
5.2.2 Phase 2: Pairing
5.2.2.1 LE Legacy Connection pairing
5.2.2.2 LE Secure Connection pairing
5.2.3 Phase 3: Bonding
5.3 Security modes and levels
5.4 Encrypting the BLE connection to a Zephyr sensor
5.4.1 Implementing Security Mode 1 Level 2
5.4.2 Securely connecting to your sensor board
5.4.3 Sniffi ng the pairing procedure with Wireshark
5.5 Authenticating a BLE connection
5.5.1 Implementing Secure Connections Only Mode
5.5.2 Securely connecting with the board
5.5.3 Sniffi ng the pairing procedure with Wireshark
5.6 Privacy
5.7 Summary and further exploration
6 • Profiles and roles
6.1 Common BLE profiles
6.1.1 Generic profiles
6.1.2 GATT profiles
6.2 Understanding a profile specification
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Configuration
6.2.3 Proximity Reporter Requirements
6.2.4 Proximity Monitor Requirements
6.2.5 Connection Establishment
6.2.6 Security Considerations
6.2.7 GATT Interoperability Requirements
6.2.8 Acronyms and Abbreviations
6.2.9 References
6.3 Understanding a service specification
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Service Declaration
6.3.3 Service Characteristics
6.3.4 Service Behaviors
6.3.5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
6.3.6 References
6.4 Understanding the definition of a characteristic
6.4.1 Description
6.4.2 Defi nition
6.5 Implementing a Proximity Reporter in Zephyr
6.6 Implementing a Proximity Monitor in NimBLE-Arduino
6.7 Summary and further exploration
7 • Reverse engineering BLE devices
7.1 Investigating the LED badge
7.2 Decompiling the mobile app
7.3 Sniffing BLE traffic between the LED badge and the mobile app
7.4 Writing arbitrary images to the LED badge using Bleak
7.4.1 Finding LED badges
7.4.2 Writing images to the LED badge
7.5 Summary and further exploration
8 • Lowering power consumption
8.1 Measuring power consumption with the Nordic Semiconductor Power Profiler Kit II
8.1.1 Ampere Meter mode
8.1.2 Source Meter mode
8.2 Measuring an iBeacon’s power consumption
8.3 Lowering power consumption by disabling hardware
8.4 Lowering the power consumption by using a larger advertising interval
8.5 Estimating battery life
8.6 Summary and further exploration
9 • Conclusion
9.1 Other BLE development platforms
9.2 More about Bluetooth Low Energy
9.3 Some ideas for further exploration
10 • Appendix
10.1 Where to find BLE specifications
10.2 16-bit UUID ranges
10.3 Verifying a product’s Bluetooth qualifications
10.4 Establishing a serial connection to a device over USB
10.4.1 Check the port
10.4.2 Install the USB-to-serial driver
10.4.3 Give the user access
10.4.4 Start the serial connection
10.5 Sniffing BLE traffic on your Android device using the Bluetooth HCI snoop log
10.5.1 Investigating the Bluetooth HCI snoop log file with Wireshark
10.5.2 Sniffi ng live BLE traffi c in Wireshark with the Android Debug Bridge
10.6 Tips for specifi c hardware
10.6.1 Programming boards that have the Adafruit nRF52 bootloader
10.6.2 Programming boards with Arduino BOSSA
Index