Deuteronomy: A Commentary

✍ Scribed by Jack Lundbom

• Publisher: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
• Year: 2013
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 1650
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover Page
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Abbreviations
Introduction
Name and Canonicity
Text and Versions
Qumran Scrolls
Paragraph Divisions
Deuteronomy Papyri
Date, Composition, and Authorship
The Josianic Reform
The Quest for Urdeuteronomium
Northern Provenance
Hezekiah’s Reform
A New Quest for Urdeuteronomium
The Question of Authorship
Ancient Near Eastern Treaties
Ancient Hebrew Rhetoric
Rhetorical Prose
Preached Law
Rhetoric and Composition
The Deuteronomic Law Code
Earlier Biblical Law
Later Biblical Law
Ancient Near Eastern Law Codes
Deuteronomy and the Prophets
Amos
Hosea
Micah
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Deuteronomy and Wisdom
Humane Treatment and Benevolence to the Poor and Needy
Teaching of Children
Blessing: Life, Goodness, and Longevity in the Land
Avoidance of Shame
Discerning False from True Prophets
Theological Ideas in Deuteronomy
The Name of Yahweh
Yahweh the One and Only God
Yahweh a Holy God
Yahweh Is Heard but Not Seen
Yahweh a God of Love
Yahweh a God Faithful to His Promises
Yahweh a Righteous God
Yahweh an Impartial Judge
Israel a Holy People
The Election of Israel
The Covenant at Horeb (Sinai)
The Land as a Gift and Tenure in the Land
Holy War
Divine Blessing
Covenant Obligations
Doing the Commandments
Love to Yahweh and to Others
Fear of Yahweh
Walking in Yahweh’s Way
Serving Yahweh
Gratitude to Yahweh
The Book of Deuteronomy
The First Edition (1–28)
Prologue (1–4)
The Covenant at Horeb (5–11)
The Deuteronomic Code (12–26)
Blessings and Curses (27–28)
First Supplement (29–30)
Second Supplement (31–34)
Deuteronomy and the New Testament
The Synoptic Gospels
The Gospel of John and the Johannine Epistles
Acts of the Apostles
Pauline and Deutero-Pauline Letters
The Epistle of James
The Epistle to the Hebrews
Revelation of Saint John
Bibliography
Text and Reference Works
Commentaries
Books, Monographs, and Articles
Translation, Notes, and Comments
I. Superscription to the Prologue and First Edition (1:1–5)
II. Prologue to the Deuteronomic Law (1:6–4:40)
A. The Land Is Set Before You (1:6–46)
B. Pass Peaceably through Seir (2:1–8a)
C. Pass Peaceably by Moab (2:8b–15)
D. Do Not Go near Ammon (2:16–23)
E. I Have Given Sihon into Your Hand (2:24–37)
F. I Have Also Given Og into Your Hand (3:1–11)
G. Apportionment of Transjordan Land (3:12–17)
H. The Focus Now Is Beyond the Jordan (3:18–22)
I. Moses Asks to Cross the Jordan (3:23–29)
J. Listen to the Statutes and Ordinances and Do Them (4:1–40)
1. Forget Not the Horeb Revelation (4:1–24)
2. What Will Happen If You Do Forget (4:25–40)
III. Refuge Cities in the Transjordan (4:41–43)
IV. Subscription to the Prologue (4:44–49)
V. The Covenant at Horeb (5–11)
A. Law and Covenant (5:1–33)
1. This Covenant Was with You! (5:1–5)
2. The Ten Words (5:6–21)
3. Moses: Mediator for Subsequent Laws (5:22–33)
B. Fear Yahweh and Keep the Commandment (6:1–3)
C. Liturgical Injunction (6:4–9)
D. Forget Not, Test Not (6:10–19)
1. Forget Not Yahweh (6:10–15)
2. Test Not Yahweh (6:16–19)
E. What Mean These Commandments? (6:20–25)
F. You Are a Holy People (7:1–26)
1. Yahweh Will Clear Away Large and Mighty Nations (7:1–6)
2. Yahweh Chose You Because He Loved You (7:7–11)
3. Yahweh Will Keep Covenant and Love You (7:12–16)
4. Yahweh Will Defeat the Larger Nations (7:17–26)
G. Remember Yahweh and His Testing (8:1–20)
H. You Are a Rebellious People (9:1–29)
1. Yahweh Will Clear Away Larger and Mightier Nations (9:1–3)
2. Conquest Due to Canaan’s Wickedness and Oath to the Fathers (9:4–6)
3. Remember Your Wilderness Rebellion (9:7–29)
a) Remember the Calf at Horeb and Moses’ Intercession (9:7–21)
b) Remember Taberah, Massah, and Kibroth-hattaavah (9:22–24)
c) Moses’ First Intercession on the Mountain (9:25–29)
I. With the Covenant Renewed the Journey Can Continue (10:1–11)
1. Moses Makes New Tablets (10:1–5)
2. Journey to Moserah Where Aaron Died (10:6–7)
3. Levites to Carry the Ark (10:8–9)
4. Intercession Successful; Rise Up and Resume Your Journey (10:10–11)
J. Fear, Walk Straight, Love, and Serve Yahweh (10:12–11:17)
1. Circumcise Yourself to Yahweh (10:12–22)
2. Consider Yahweh’s Discipline (11:1–9)
3. The Promised Land Will Have Rain from Heaven (11:10–12)
4. But Rain Hinges on Keeping the Commandments (11:13–17)
K. Liturgical Injunction (11:18–21)
L. Consequences of Obedience and Disobedience (11:22–32)
1. Be Very Careful with All This Commandment (11:22–25)
2. The Blessing and the Curse (11:26–28)
3. Be Careful to Do the Statutes and Ordinances (11:29–32)
VI. The Deuteronomic Code (12–26)
A. The Central Sanctuary (12:1–13:1[12:32])
1. Destroy All Places of Their Gods (12:1–4)
2. On Tithes and Offerings (12:5–14)
a) Offerings at the Central Sanctuary (12:5–9)
b) Once Again: Offerings at the Central Sanctuary (12:10–14)
3. On the Clean and Unclean (12:15–28)
a) Nonsacrificial Meat in the Towns (12:15–16)
b) Offerings at the Central Sanctuary (12:17–19)
c) Nonsacrificial Meat in the Towns (12:20–25)
d) Holy Offerings at the Central Sanctuary (12:26–28)
4. Seek Not Their Gods (12:29–13:1[12:32])
Excursus 1: Centralized Worship in the Reforms of Hezekiah and Josiah
B. Yahweh Testing for Faithfulness (13:2–19[1–18])
1. Beware of Prophets and Dreamers (13:2–6[1–5])
2. Beware of Family and Friends (13:7–12[6–11])
3. Beware of Worthless Men (13:13–19[12–18])
C. Israel a Holy People to Yahweh (14:1–21)
1. Holiness in Lamenting (14:1–2)
2. Clean and Unclean Animals (14:3–8)
3. Clean and Unclean Waterfowl (14:9–10)
4. Clean and Unclean Winged Creatures (14:11–20)
5. Holiness in Eating and Food Preparation (14:21)
D. Tithes, Remissions, and Offerings (14:22–15:23)
1. Tithing Year by Year (14:22–27)
2. Tithing Every Three Years (14:28–29)
3. Remissions Every Seven Years (15:1–18)
a) Debt Remission (15:1–11)
b) Remission of Hebrew Slaves (15:12–18)
4. Firstborn Gifts Year by Year (15:19–23)
E. Keeping the Feasts (16:1–17)
1. Feast of Passover (16:1–8)
2. Feast of Weeks (16:9–12)
3. Feast of Booths (16:13–17)
F. Office Holders in Israel (16:18–18:22)
1. The Judge and Matters of Judgment (16:18–17:13)
a) Appointing Judges and Officials (16:18–20)
b) Regarding Abominations (16:21–17:1)
c) Judgment for Covenant Transgressors (17:2–7)
d) Extraordinary Cases to the Priests and the Judge (17:8–13)
2. What Sort of King for Israel? (17:14–20)
3. Rights of the Levitical Priests (18:1–8)
a) The Levites’ Inheritance Is Yahweh (18:1–2)
b) Offerings Due the Levites (18:3–5)
c) Altar Privileges for All Levites (18:6–8)
4. How May We Know the Word of Yahweh? (18:9–22)
a) No Practitioners of the Secret Arts (18:9–14)
b) Testing for the False Yahweh Prophet (18:15–22)
G. Judicial Procedure (19:1–21)
1. Cities of Refuge (19:1–13)
2. No Moving of Boundary Markers (19:14)
3. Regarding Witnesses (19:15–21)
H. When You Go to War (20:1–20)
1. Choosing Warriors (20:1–9)
2. Conduct of Holy War (20:10–18)
3. Respect Fruit Trees in a Siege! (20:19–20)
I. Expiation for an Unsolved Murder (21:1–9)
J. Marriage to a Woman War Captive (21:10–14)
K. Rights of the Firstborn (21:15–17)
L. Death for Rebellious Sons (21:18–21)
M. Hanged Criminals (21:22–23)
N. Miscellaneous Laws (22:1–8)
1. Restoring Lost Property (22:1–3)
2. Lifting Up Fallen Animals (22:4)
3. No Wearing the Apparel of the Opposite Sex (22:5)
4. Sparing Mother Birds (22:6–7)
5. Parapets on Roofs (22:8)
O. More Miscellaneous Laws (22:9–12)
1. No Mixing of Seeds, Yoked Animals, and Cloths (22:9–11)
2. The Tassel Exception (22:12)
P. On Chastity and Marriage (22:13–23:1[22:30])
1. Unchaste Brides (22:13–21)
2. Sex with Another Married Woman (22:22)
3. Sex with a Betrothed Girl in the City (22:23–24)
4. Sex with a Betrothed Girl in the Country (22:25–27)
5. Sex with an Unbetrothed Girl (22:28–29)
6. Sex with a Father’s Wife (23:1[22:30])
Q. On Purity and Cleanliness (23:2–19[1–18])
1. Purity within Yahweh’s Assembly (23:2–9[1–8])
a) Blemished Men Excluded (23:2–3[1–2])
b) Ammonites and Moabites Excluded (23:4–7[3–6])
c) Edomites and Egyptians Not Abominations (23:8–9[7–8])
2. Purity and Cleanliness in the Camp (23:10–15[9–14])
3. Hospitality to Runaway Slaves (23:16–17[15–16])
4. No Holy Prostitutes! (23:18–19[17–18])
R. Laws on Loans, Vows, and Theft (23:20–26[19–25])
1. Loans to Brothers Interest-Free (23:20–21[19–20])
2. Pay Your Vows Promptly! (23:22–24[21–23])
3. No Crop Stealing! (23:25–26[24–25])
S. Humane Laws (24:1–25:4)
1. Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage (24:1–5)
a) Divorcee May Not Return to First Husband (24:1–4)
b) Newlywed War Deferment (24:5)
Excursus 2: Divorce within Judaism and Early Christianity
2. Pledges and Scale Disease (24:6–13)
a) No Millstones as Pledges (24:6)
b) No Stealing of Persons (24:7)
c) Warning about Scale Disease (24:8–9)
d) Kindness in Exacting Pledges (24:10–11)
e) No Sleeping in a Poor Man’s Pledge (24:12–13)
3. Justice and Benevolence to the Needy (24:14–22)
a) Paying Hired Laborers (24:14–15)
b) Each in His Own Sin Shall Die (24:16)
c) No Perversion of Judgment to the Needy (24:17–18)
d) The Needy to Get Gleaning Rights (24:19–22)
4. A Limit on Flogging (25:1–3)
5. No Muzzle on a Threshing Ox (25:4)
T. Miscellaneous Laws (25:5–19)
1. Levirate Marriage (25:5–10)
2. Wives Interfering in a Fight (25:11–12)
3. Just Weights and Measures (25:13–16)
4. Wipe Out the Remembrance of Amalek! (25:17–19)
U. Rituals at the Central Sanctuary (26:1–19)
1. Ritual of the Firstfruits (26:1–11)
2. Ritual of the Third-year Tithe (26:12–15)
3. Be Careful and Do These Commands (26:16–19)
VII. Blessings and Curses (27–28)
A. Covenant Renewal at Shechem (27:1–26)
1. Yahweh’s Law on Large Stones (27:1–8)
2. Today You Have Become Yahweh’s People (27:9–10)
3. Let the Tribes Ascend the Mountains (27:11–13)
4. Let the People Say “Amen” (27:14–26)
B. Blessings and Curses of the Deuteronomic Covenant (28:1–68)
1. If You Obey the Covenant (28:1–14)
a) The Six Blessings (28:1–6)
b) Victory in Battle, Prosperity, World Respect (28:7–14)
2. If You Do Not Obey the Covenant (28:15–68)
a) The Six Curses (28:15–19)
b) Disease, Famine, Defeat in Battle (28:20–26)
c) Incurable Disease, Madness, Displacement (28:27–37)
d) Crop Failure, Impoverishment, Dependent Status (28:38–46)
e) Curses of the Siege (28:47–57)
f) Egypt Revisited! (28:58–68)
VIII. Subscription to the First Edition (28:69[29:1])
IX. First Supplement (29–30)
A. The Covenant Is Something You Do (29:1–8[2–9])
B. Enter into the Sworn Covenant! (29:9–28[10–29])
C. When the Blessings and Curses Come upon You (30:1–10)
D. The Word Is Very Near You (30:11–14)
E. The Two Ways: Life and Death (30:15–20)
X. Second Supplement (31–34)
A. Moses’ Death Draws Near (31:1–32:52)
1. I Cannot Cross Over This Jordan (31:1–6)
2. Joshua to Head the Army, the Law Entrusted to the Levites and Elders (31:7–13)
a) Joshua Receives Charge from Moses (31:7–8)
b) A Public Reading of the Law Every Seven Years! (31:9–13)
3. Yahweh Addresses Moses and Joshua (31:14–23)
a) Joshua to Receive His Charge (31:14–15)
b) Moses to Write a Song (31:16–22)
c) The Charge to Joshua (31:23)
4. Moses’ Parting Words about the Song (31:24–30)
5. The Song of Moses (32:1–43)
Excursus 3: History of Research into the Song of Moses
6. Take These Words to Heart (32:44–47)
7. Ascend this Mountain (32:48–52)
B. Moses’ Departure (33:1–34:12)
1. The Blessing of Moses (33:1–29)
2. Moses’ Death and Burial (34:1–12)
Appendix: Citations of Deuteronomy in the New Testament