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Determinants of Holmium:Yttrium–aluminum-garnet Laser Time and Energy During Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy

✍ Scribed by Molina, Wilson R.; Marchini, Giovanni S.; Pompeo, Alexandre; Sehrt, David; Kim, Fernando J.; Monga, Manoj

Book ID
121660858
Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
2014
Tongue
English
Weight
289 KB
Volume
83
Category
Article
ISSN
0090-4295

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## Abstract ## Background and Objective Two laser devices that are used today in endoscopic treatment of renal and ureteral calculi are the frequency‐doubled double‐pulse neodynium:YAG (FREDDY) and Holmium:YAG lasers. The mechanism of action of these lasers differs, thus conferring potentially dif