Design of concrete structures

✍ Scribed by Canadian Standards Association

• Publisher: Canadian Standard Association
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 240
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

1 Scope
1.1 General
This Standard specifies requirements, in accordance with the National Building Code of Canada, for the design and strength evaluation of
(a) structures of reinforced and prestressed concrete;
(b) plain concrete elements; and
© special structures such as parking structures, arches, tanks, reservoirs, bins and silos, towers, water towers, blast-resistant structures, and chimneys.
Note: Special requirements for parking structures are specified in CAN/CSA-S413.
1.2 Fire resistance
This Standard requires designs to be carried out in accordance with the fire resistance requirements of the applicable building code (see Clause 8.1.2).
1.3 Alternative design procedures
Designs that use procedures which are not covered by this Standard but are carried out by a person qualified in the methods applied and provide a level of safety and performance equivalent to designs complying with this Standard are acceptable if carried out by one of the following methods:
(a) analysis based on generally established theory;
(b) evaluation of a full-scale structure or a prototype by a loading test; or
© studies of model analogues.
1.4 Terminology
In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
1.5 Units of measurement
Equations appearing in this Standard are compatible with the following units:
(a) area: mm2 (square millimetres);
(b) force: N (newtons);
© length: mm (millimetres);
(d) moment: N•mm (newton millimetres); and
(e) stress: MPa (megapascals).
Whenever the square root of the concrete strength is determined, the concrete strength and the square root of the concrete strength are both expressed in megapascals. Other dimensionally consistent combinations of units may be used, provided that appropriate adjustments are made to constants in non-homogeneous equations.
Note: Some examples of non-homogeneous equations are found in Clauses 12.2.2 and 12.8.

✦ Table of Contents

1.5 Units of measurement......Page 23
2.1 Reference publications......Page 24
2.2 Definitions......Page 25
2.3 Symbols......Page 32
2.4.2 Standard notation for reinforcing bars......Page 42
3.2.2......Page 43
6.2 Embedded pipes and openings......Page 44
7.2.2 Draped fabric......Page 45
7.4.3 Pretensioning tendons......Page 46
7.6.4 Spirals for compression members......Page 47
7.6.5 Ties for compression members......Page 48
7.8.2......Page 49
8.1.4 Serviceability limit states......Page 50
8.3.2 Load combinations for ultimate limit states......Page 51
8.5.3 Stress-strain curve for reinforcement......Page 52
8.6.2 Modulus of elasticity......Page 53
9.1.2......Page 54
9.2.3 Arrangement of loads......Page 55
9.3.3 Moment and shear coefficients......Page 56
9.5.2......Page 57
9.8.2 One-way construction (non-prestressed)......Page 58
9.8.4 Prestressed concrete construction......Page 60
9.8.5 Composite construction......Page 61
10.1.1 General......Page 62
10.2.3......Page 63
10.5.1 Minimum reinforcement......Page 64
10.6.1 Crack control parameter......Page 65
10.9.1......Page 66
10.10.5......Page 67
10.13.1......Page 68
10.14.2 Radius of gyration......Page 69
10.15.2 Non-sway frames......Page 70
10.16.2 End moments......Page 71
10.16.6 Moment magnification for flexural members......Page 72
10.18.1......Page 73
10.19.7......Page 74
11.2.4 Types of shear reinforcement......Page 75
11.2.8 Minimum shear reinforcement......Page 76
11.2.10 Effective web width......Page 77
11.2.12 Hanger reinforcement for beams supporting other beams......Page 78
11.3.5 Determination of Vs......Page 79
11.3.6 Determination of b and q......Page 80
11.3.9 Proportioning of longitudinal reinforcement......Page 82
11.3.10 Sections subjected to combined shear and torsion......Page 83
11.4.2 Proportioning of strut......Page 84
11.5.1 General......Page 86
11.5.6 Anchorage of shear friction reinforcement......Page 87
12.1.1......Page 88
12.2.4 Modification factors......Page 89
12.5.1 Tension development length......Page 90
12.6.2......Page 91
12.9.2......Page 92
12.11.3......Page 93
12.13.4......Page 94
12.14.3 Welded splices and mechanical connections......Page 95
12.16.3 Welded splices or mechanical connections......Page 96
12.17.3 Lap splices in columns......Page 97
12.19.3......Page 98
13.2.4 Slabs with drop panels......Page 99
13.3.3 Critical shear section for two-way action......Page 100
13.3.5 Factored shear stress......Page 101
13.3.6 One-way shear......Page 102
13.3.8 Headed shear reinforcement......Page 103
13.4.3......Page 104
13.6.3......Page 105
13.7.5......Page 106
13.8.2 Non-prismatic modelling of member stiffness......Page 107
13.8.3 Prismatic modelling of member stiffness......Page 108
13.8.5 Critical sections......Page 109
13.9.2 Total factored static moment for a span......Page 110
13.9.5 Selection of reinforcement......Page 111
13.10.5 Anchorage......Page 112
13.10.8 Curtailment of reinforcement......Page 113
13.11.2 Factored moments in column strip......Page 115
13.11.3 Factored moments in middle strips......Page 116
13.12.4 Slab reinforcement for negative moment......Page 117
14.1.3 Design length of wall for the distribution of concentrated vertical loads......Page 118
14.1.8 Details of wall reinforcement......Page 119
14.2.1......Page 120
14.4.2 Assemblies of interconnected shear walls......Page 121
15.2.2......Page 122
15.4.4......Page 123
15.8.1 Design of piles......Page 124
15.9.1 General......Page 125
15.10.2......Page 126
16.2.2......Page 127
16.4.3 Reinforcement of precast concrete elements......Page 128
16.4.5 Bearing......Page 129
16.5.2......Page 130
17 Composite concrete flexural members......Page 131
17.3.2......Page 132
17.5.2......Page 133
18.1.8......Page 134
18.3.1......Page 135
18.4 Permissible stresses in tendons......Page 136
18.7 Minimum factored flexural resistance......Page 137
18.8.3......Page 138
18.11.2 Limits for reinforcement of prestressed compression members......Page 139
18.12.4 Shear and moment transfer......Page 140
18.13.4......Page 141
19.2.7......Page 142
19.4.8......Page 143
20.1 General......Page 144
20.3.1 General......Page 145
20.3.2 Load tests of flexural systems or members for moment resistance......Page 146
21.2.4 Applicable clauses......Page 147
21.2.5 Analysis and proportioning of structural members......Page 148
21.2.8 Mechanical splices......Page 149
21.3.2 Longitudinal reinforcement......Page 150
21.3.4 Shear strength requirements......Page 151
21.4.2 Minimum flexural resistance of columns......Page 152
21.4.4 Transverse reinforcement......Page 153
21.4.5 Shear strength......Page 154
21.5.3 Longitudinal column reinforcement......Page 155
21.5.5 Development length for tension reinforcement in joints......Page 156
21.6.2 General requirements......Page 157
21.6.4 Reinforcement......Page 158
21.6.6 Concentrated vertical reinforcement......Page 159
21.6.7 Ductility of ductile shear walls......Page 160
21.6.8 Additional requirements for ductile coupled and partially coupled shear walls......Page 161
21.6.9 Shear strength of ductile walls......Page 163
21.7.1 Application......Page 164
21.7.2 Moderately ductile moment-resisting frames......Page 165
21.7.3 Moderately ductile shear walls......Page 167
21.7.4 Squat shear walls......Page 168
21.8.1 General......Page 169
21.8.4 Two-way slabs without beams......Page 170
21.9.2 Ductile moment-resisting frames constructed using precast concrete (Rd = 4.0)......Page 171
21.10.2 Design forces......Page 172
21.10.5 Monolithic concrete systems......Page 173
21.10.7 Composite systems......Page 174
21.11.2 Footings, foundation mats, and pile caps......Page 175
21.11.4 Piles and piers......Page 176
21.12.1 General......Page 177
21.12.3 Slab column connections......Page 178
22.2.4......Page 179
22.4.1......Page 180
22.6.4 Critical sections......Page 181
22.8.3......Page 182
23.2.2 Minimum panel thickness......Page 183
23.2.9 Structural integrity......Page 184
23.3.1 Flexure and axial load interaction and slenderness effects......Page 185
23.4.1 Design width......Page 186
23.5.1 Design width......Page 187
23.7.2 Elastic - Uncracked analysis......Page 189
2 Reference publications......Page 190
6.6.2 Hooks and bends......Page 191
6.6.4 Ties......Page 192
6.6.6 Concrete cover......Page 193
6.7.3 Tolerances for placing anchor bolts and hardware......Page 194
6.8.2 Unbonded tendons......Page 195
B.2 Symbols......Page 199
B.3.7......Page 200
B.4.2......Page 201
C.1.1 Definitions......Page 204
C.1.2.3......Page 205
C.1.2.8......Page 206
C.1.3 Serviceability......Page 207
D.2 Definitions......Page 208
D.3 Symbols......Page 210
D.4.3.3......Page 212
D.5.1.2......Page 213
D.5.4......Page 214
D.6.2.1......Page 215
D.6.2.4......Page 216
D.6.3.1......Page 217
D.6.4.2......Page 218
D.7.2.1......Page 219
D.7.2.4......Page 220
D.7.2.7......Page 221
D.8.4......Page 222
D.9.7......Page 223
D.10 Installation of anchors......Page 224