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CURRENT TOPICS.
shown that the volatile content of different coals differs greatly in character. The volatile matter of the younger coals found in the West includes a large proportion of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water, and a correspondingly small proportion of hydrocarbons and tarry vapors. The older bituminous coals of the Appalachian region yield volatile matter containing large amounts of tarry vapors and hydrocarbons, difficult to burn completely, without considerable excess of air and a high temperature. Coal of the Western type, moreover, gives up its volatile matter more easily at moderate and low temperatures than that of the other type. The volatile matter produced at medium and low temperatures is rich in higher hydrocarbons of the methane type, such as ethane and propane, Which contain a larger portion of carbon than is present in methane.
" These facts help to explain the difficulty of burning Pittsburg coal, for example, without smoke, the low efficiency usually obtained in burning high-volatile Western coals, the advantage of a preheated auxiliary air supply introduced over a fuel bed, and the advantage of a furnace and boiler setting adapted to the type of fuel used. They bear directly also on the question of steaming 'capacity' of coal for locomotives, the designing and operation of gas producers for high-volatile fuels, and the operation of coke ovens and gas retorts.
"The results show further that certain bituminous coals of the interior and Rocky Mountain provinces give promise of good yields of by-products of coking, notably ammonia and high candlepower gas, comparing favorably in these respects with the high-grade coking coals of the eastern province.
" They show also that inert, noncombustible material is present in the volatile products of different kinds of coal to an extent ranging from I to 15 per cent. of the coal."
The publication will be of interest to fuel engineers, designers and builders of gas producers, gas and coke manufacturers, superintendents of power plants, railway master mechanics and those engaged in the suppression of smoke. Copies of the bulletin may be obtained by applying to the Director of the Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Department of Non-ferrous Metallurgy. '(Times, Eng. Suppl., Oct. 26, I9IO.)--Prof. j-. O. Arnold in his presidential address to the Electrometallurgieal Society of Sheffield, England, stated that the University contemplated the establishment of a department for the study of non-ferrous metals. The University authorities had already provided a Kjellin non-ferrous crucible, with the aid of which a series of tests would be made as to the relative merits of coke and electric melting of base metal. The University was already in a position to experiment on the electric melting of brasses, bronzes and German silver.
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
stnntliird types of pliuit-stills, itiiscrs, ctiiulsificrs, sifters, filter prcsscs, a ~i d tlie likc, cotistructcd in vnrious nietnls--wcrc also 011 view, i i i iidditioli to cnrboiiizotion plniit, niitl iiintiy ititcrcsting ititlitstrinl niitl scientific iiistriintetits. Aiiioiigst tltc iitstritii
Ferrous Powder Metallurgy (P/M) has advanced significantly over the past thirty years in providing opportunity for a parts designer and producer to make high strength net shape parts. Currently, for example, transmission gears in U.S. built cars use P/M parts. This review addresses recent advances i