Cover Page
Half-Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
CONTENTS
INDEX OF TABLES
PREFACE
ORGANIZATION, CONTENT, AND FEATURES
CONTRIBUTORS
TEST ITEM WRITERS
REVIEWERS
CHAPTER 1: HOW TO PREPARE FOR NCLEX-PN®
Questions You Might Have about the Examination
What Is the National Council of State Boards of Nursing?
What Is the Current Test Plan?
How Do I Apply to Take the Examination?
What Types of Questions Are on the Examination?
Do I Have to Know a Lot About Computers to Take the Examination?
How Is the Examination Scored?
Can I Take a Break?
When Will I Know If I Passed?
Tips for Test Taking
Look for Key Concepts
Look for Key Words
Utilize Test-Taking Strategies
Tips on How to Prepare for NCLEX-PN®
Review Content
Practice Multiple-Choice Questions
Practice Stress-Reduction Strategies
Examination Day
CHAPTER 2: ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS
Clinical Problem Solving (Nursing Process) Overview
Steps of the Nursing Process
Management of Care
Client Rights
Delegation and Supervision
Incident/Unusual Occurrence Reports
Basic Hygienic Care
Bathing
Measurement of Vital Signs
Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood Pressure
Managing Pain
Prevention of Infection
Chain of Events Leading to Infection
Asepsis
Immobility
Pressure Ulcer (Decubitus Ulcer, or Bedsore)
Positioning
Body Mechanics, Transfer, and Ambulation Techniques
Care of Client Needing Restraints
Care of the Client Needing Application of Heat or Cold
Application of Cold
Application of Heat
Care of the Client in Shock
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Body Fluids
Mechanisms of Fluid Balance
Electrolytes
Acid-Base Balance
General Concepts
Interpreting Blood Gases
Death
CHAPTER 3: THE OLDER ADULT CLIENT
General Concepts
Theories of Aging
Biological
Psychosocial
Developmental Tasks
Changes of Normal Aging
CHAPTER 4: THE PERIOPERATIVE CLIENT
Legal Aspects: Informed Consent
Preoperative Period
Surgical Risk Factors
Preoperative Teaching
Physical Preparation for Surgery
Immediate Preoperative Care
Anesthesia
Conscious Sedation
General Anesthesia
Regional Anesthesia
Postoperative Period
Immediate Postoperative Care (Recovery Room, Postanesthesia Care Unit)
Nursing Care on Surgical Unit
CHAPTER 5: ONCOLOGY
Characteristics and Pathophysiology
Assessment
Staging
Grading
Assessment
Interventions
Goals of Treatment
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Emotional Support
CHAPTER 6: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
Vascular System
Diagnostic Procedures
Laboratory Tests
Noninvasive Tests
Invasive Procedures
Cardiovascular Conditions
Hypertension
Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
Cardiac Failure
Pacemaker
Defibrillation (Countershock)
Peripheral Vascular Disorders
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (ASO)
Buerger’s Disease
Raynaud’s Disease
Aortic Aneurysm
Vein Disorders
Thrombophlebitis; Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Varicose Veins
CHAPTER 7: THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM
Anatomy and Physiology of the Hematologic System
Spleen
Blood Transfusions and Blood Products
Disorders
Anemias
Clotting Disorders
White Cell Disorders
Other Malignant Disorders
CHAPTER 8: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Anatomy and Physiology
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea (Windpipe)
Bronchial Tree
Lungs
Chest Wall
Pulmonary Circulation
Gas Exchange: Alveolar Ducts and Alveoli
Nursing Assessment
Health History
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Studies
Therapies and Procedures Related to the Respiratory System
Oxygen Therapy
Tracheostomy
Closed Chest Drainage
Respiratory Tract Conditions
Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
Cancer of the Larynx
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Thoracic Surgery
Tuberculosis
Histoplasmosis
CHAPTER 9: THE NEUROSENSORY SYSTEM
Anatomy and Physiology
Structures
Eyes
Ears: Sensory Organs That Enable Hearing and Help to Maintain Balance
Diagnostic Procedures
Brain Scan
Lumbar Puncture
Cerebral Angiography
Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT or CT Scan)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Nervous System Disorders
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Head Injuries
Hyperthermia
Seizures
Cerebrovascular Accident(CVA)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
Myasthenia Gravis
Parkinson’s Disease
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (Infectious Polyneuritis)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s Disease)
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
Bell’s Palsy
Eye Conditions
Detached Retina
Cataract
Glaucoma
Eye Injury
Care of the Client Who Is Blind
Conditions of the Ear
Care of the Client with Diminished Hearing
Ménière’s Disease
Otosclerosis
CHAPTER 10: THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
Anatomy and Physiology
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Hepatic, Biliary, and Pancreatic System
Diagnostic Procedures
Related Procedures
Enemas
Gastrointestinal Intubation
Gastrostomy Tube
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrhea
Constipation
Hiatal Hernia
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Cancer of the Stomach
Gastric Surgery
Hernias
Appendicitis
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disorders
Cancer of the Colon/Rectum
Bowel Surgery
Hemorrhoids
Disorders of the Liver
Disorders of the Gallbladder
Disorders of the Pancreas
CHAPTER 11: THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary System
Male Reproductive System
Diagnostic Tests
Specific Urologic Disorders
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
CHAPTER 12: THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Anatomy and Physiology of Skeletal System
Muscular System
Cartilage
Ligaments and Tendons
Laboratory / Diagnostic Tests
Blood Tests
Other Tests
Related Procedures
Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises
Assistive Devices for Walking
Care of the Client with a Cast
Care of the Client in Traction
Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Fractures
Total Hip Replacement
Knee Replacement
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis (Hypertrophic Arthritis)
Gout
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Osteomyelitis
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP)
Amputation of a Limb
CHAPTER 13: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Anatomy and Physiology
Major Function Is to Regulate Body Functions
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
Adrenal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Pancreas
Gonads
Endocrine Disorders
Pituitary Gland
Adrenal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Pancreas Disorders
CHAPTER 14: THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Anatomy and Physiology
Skin
Hair
Nails
Glands
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies
Disorders of the Integumentary System
Lesions of the Skin
Contact Dermatitis
Psoriasis
Skin Cancer
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Herpes Simplex Virus, Type I
Burns
CHAPTER 15: THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, MATERNITY, AND NEWBORNS
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Conditions of the Female Reproductive System
Breast Conditions
Conditions of the Uterus
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Fertility Management
The Antepartal Client
Onset of Pregnancy/Fetal Development
Pregnancy
Antepartal Complications
The Intrapartal Client
Overview of Normal Labor
Nursing Care During Labor
Complications of Labor and Delivery
The Postpartal Client
Physiological Changes in the Postpartal Period
Complications
Normal Newborn
Transition to Extrauterine Life
Assessment of Newborn
High-Risk Newborn
CHAPTER 16: PEDIATRICS
Growth and Development
First Year of Life
Toddler: One to Three Years
Preschooler: Three to Five Years
School-Aged Child
Adolescence
Reaction to Hospitalization/Separation
Toddler
Growth and Development Issues
Pediatric Conditions Related to the Cardiovascular System
Congenital Heart Defects
Rheumatic Fever
Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)
Respiratory and Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (EENT) Conditions
Tonsillitis (Not Usually Hospitalized)
Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy
Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)
Epiglotittis
Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Otitis Media
Asthma (Reactive Airway Disease)
Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection
Pediatric Conditions Related to the Neurosensory System
Spina Bifida (Myelodysplasia)
Hydrocephalus
Brain Tumors
Reye’s Syndrome
Bacterial Meningitis
Cerebral Palsy
Tay-Sachs Disease
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
Pediatric Conditions Related to the Gastrointestinal System
Cleft Lip
Cleft Palate
Esophageal Defects
Pyloric Stenosis
Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER)
Hirschsprung’s Disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon)
Intussusception
Imperforate Anus
Celiac Disease
Hernias
Gastroenteritis
Parasitic Worms
Pediatric Conditions Related to the Genitourinary System
Urinary Tract Infection
Exstrophy of the Bladder
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias
Nephrotic Syndrome
Acute Glomerulonephritis
Enuresis
Wilm’s Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
Pediatric Conditions Related to the Musculoskeletal System
Congenital Hip Dysplasia
Congenital Clubfoot: Talipes
Legg-Calvé Perthes Disease
Scoliosis
Muscular Dystrophy
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Lyme Disease
Bone Tumors
Pediatric Conditions Related to the Endocrine System
Diabetes Mellitus
Congenital Hypothyroidism (Cretinism)
Hypopituitarism (Pituitary Dwarfism)
Hyperpituitarism (Gigantism)
Pediatric Conditions Related to the Integumentary System
Burns
Impetigo
Ringworm (Tinea)
Pediculosis (Lice)
Poison Ivy
Childhood Eczema
CHAPTER 17: THE MENTAL HEALTH CLIENT
Basic Concepts
Therapeutic Communication
Phases in Nurse–Patient (Client) Relationship
Theoretical Models
Types of Interventions
Psychiatric Mental Health Problems
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders
Eating Disorders
Loss and Grief
Mood Disorders
Schizophrenia
Suspicious and Paranoid Behaviors
Personality Disorders
Substance Abuse
Family Violence
Rape
Age-Related Disorders
Autistic Disorder
Chronic Organic Brain Syndromes
Legal Aspects of Psychiatric Nursing
Types of Admissions
Rights of Psychiatric Clients
CHAPTER 18: PHARMACOLOGY
Basic Concepts
Preparing the Medication
Methods of Administration
Calculating Methods
Facts About Drug Action
Pharmacologic Agents
Antimicrobials and Antiparasitics
Central Nervous System Drugs
Drugs Affecting the Heart and Circulatory System
Peripheral Vasodilators
Hormonal Agents
Gastrointestinal Drugs
Arthritis and Gout Drugs
Drugs Affecting the Respiratory Tract
Eye Medications
Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Agents
Immunizations
CHAPTER 19: NUTRITION AND SPECIAL DIETS
Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats
Carbohydrates (CHO)
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Nursing Care
Nutritional Guidelines
Food Pyramid
Special Diets
Consistency Modifications
Gluten-Free Diet
Phenylketonuria (PKU) Diet
Low-Purine Diet
Diets to Alter Acidity of Blood
Diets for Treatment of Diabetes
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Symbols and Abbreviations
Appendix B: Metric System Equivalents
Appendix C: Temperature Conversions
Appendix D: Medical Prefixes and Suffixes
Appendix E: NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses 2009–2011
PRACTICE TESTS
Practice Test 1
Answer and Rationales for Practice Test
Practice Test 2
Answer and Rationales for Practice Test 2
Practice Test 3
Answer and Rationales for Practice Test 3
Practice Test 4
Answer and Rationales for Practice Test 4
Practice Test 5
Answer and Rationales for Practice Test 5
Practice Test 6
Answer and Rationales for Practice Test 6
Practice Test 7
Answer and Rationales for Practice Test 7
Practice Test 8
Answer and Rationales for Practice Test 8
INDEX
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