Delay analysis in construction contracts

✍ Scribed by P J Keane; A F Caletka

• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
• Year: 2008
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 288
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 General. 1.1.1 Purpose of 'delay analysis in construction'. 1.1.2 Guidance. 1.1.3 Construction planning and programming. 1.2 Construction delays. 1.2.1 Identifying delays. 1.2.2 Analysing construction delays. 1.2.3 Delay claim life-cycle. 1.3 Burning issues in delay analysis. 1.4 Presentation and case study. 2 Construction Programmes. 2.1 Introduction. 2.1.1 Planning, Programming and Project Controls. 2.1.2 Elements of a successful project. 2.2 Planning and Programming. 2.2.1 Project Planning. 2.2.2 Work Breakdown Structure. 2.3 CPM Programming Techniques; the Fundamentals. 2.3.1 Activity Durations. 2.3.2 Activity Relationships. 2.3.3 Event Date Calculations. 2.3.4 Forward Pass. 2.3.5 Backward Pass. 2.3.6 Total Float. 2.3.7 Constraints. 2.4 Baseline Validation. 2.4.1 Joint Baseline Review. 2.4.2 Programme Approval. 2.4.3 The Project Baseline. 2.5 Other Planning Techniques. 2.5.1 PERT - Project Evaluation and Review Technique. 2.5.2 Gantt Charts (Bar Charts). 2.5.3 Line of Balance. 2.5.4 Critical Chain Method/Theory of Constraints. 2.6 Why use CPM Planning or Scheduling Techniques?. 2.6.1 Project Management. 2.6.2 As-planned programmes. 2.7 Project Controls and the Project Control Cycle. 2.7.1 Progress Monitoring. 2.7.2 Process and Analyse Information, Earned Value Method. 2.7.3 The Cost and Schedule Performance Curves. 2.7.4 Time Control. 2.7.5 Programme Updates. 2.8 Records, Records, Records... 2.8.1 Electronic Records. 2.9 Predatory Programming Practices. 2.10 Guidance. 3 Identification of Construction Delays. 3.1 Establishing a Basis for Identifying Delay. 3.1.1 General Requirements. 3.1.2 Validation of an As-Planned Programme. 3.2 Factual Evidence and As-Built Programmes. 3.2.1 As-Built Programme Preparation. 3.2.2 Summary. 3.3 Identification of Delay Events. 3.3.1 Delay Identification. 3.3.2 Recording Delays. 3.4 Identification and Analysis of Disruption. 3.4.1. Disruption and Delay. 3.4.2 Calculating Disruption. 3.4.3 Establishing Cause. 3.4.4 Total Cost Claims/Global Claims. 3.4.5 Measured Mile. 3.4.6 Graphical Presentation. 3.4.7 Summary. 4 Analysis of Construction Delays. 4.1 Introduction to Delay Analysis Techniques. 4.1.1 The use of CPM techniques. 4.1.2 Project Planning Software. 4.1.3 Identifying Delays - Cause or Effect?. 4.2 Explanation of the Available Techniques. 4.2.1 Additive Methods of Delay Analysis. 4.2.2 Impacted As-Planned. 4.2.3 Time Impact Analysis. 4.2.4 Collapsed As-Built. 4.2.5 As-Built Based Methods of Analysis. 4.2.6 Total Time Assessments. 4.2.7 As-Planned versus As-Built Windows Analysis. 4.2.8 Contemporaneous Windows Analysis. 4.2.9 Month-to-Month Update Analysis. 4.3 Selection Criteria and Guidance. 4.3.1 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol. 4.3.2 The Core Statements of Principle. 4.3.3 Recommended Practice No. 29R-03 'Forensic Schedule Analysis'. 4.3.4 Which technique to use under given circumstances. 4.4 Summary. 5 Problematic Issues. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Float and Delay Claims. 5.2.1 General Definitions -- What is 'Float'?. 5.2.2 How Float is used. 5.2.3 Float Loss and the Impact. 5.2.4 Measurement of Float Loss. 5.2.5 Who Owns the Float?. 5.3 Concurrency. 5.3.1 Definitions. 5.3.2 Delay Analysis and Concurrency. 5.3.3 SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol. 5.3.4 Delay Scenarios. 5.3.5 Common Questions. 5.3.6 Experience and Commonsense. 5.3.7 The Concept of Pacing. 5.4 Programme Approvals and Onerous Specifications. 5.4.1 Programme Requirements, Format and Compliance. 5.4.2 Approval or Acceptance of Construction Programme. 5.5 Acceleration and Mitigation. 5.5.1 Mitigation. 5.5.2 Acceleration. 5.5.3 Contractors' right to early completion. 6 Effective Presentation of Delay Analysis. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Case Study - Airport Terminal Expansion. 6.2.1 Initial analysis by party appointed planning experts. 6.2.2 Using Time Impact Analysis for Prolongation. 6.2.3 Tribunal Planning Expert's Contemporaneous Approach. 6.2.4 Runway Extension - Are delays to the Runway Extension relevant?. 6.2.5 Terminal Building - Are delays to the Terminal Building relevant?. 6.3 Float Mapping - Approach and Methodology. 6.3.1 Extracting Float Values. 6.3.2 Create Float Map. 6.3.3 Identify Driving Activities. 6.3.4 As-Built Critical Path. 6.4 Demonstrating Acceleration. 6.5 Presentation Skills - Demonstrative Evidence. 6.5.1 Summary. Index

✦ Table of Contents

Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 9
1.1 General......Page 13
1.1.1 Purpose of this book......Page 14
1.1.2 Guidance......Page 16
1.1.3 Construction planning and programming......Page 17
1.2.1 Identifying delays......Page 18
1.2.2 Analysing construction delays......Page 19
1.2.3 Delay claim life cycle......Page 21
1.3 Burning issues in delay analysis......Page 22
1.4 Presentation and case study......Page 24
2.1.1 Planning, programming and project controls......Page 25
2.1.2 Elements of a successful project......Page 27
2.2 Planning and programming......Page 28
2.2.1 Project planning......Page 29
2.2.2 Work breakdown structure......Page 30
2.3 CPM programming techniques – the fundamentals......Page 34
2.3.1 Activity durations......Page 35
2.3.2 Activity relationships......Page 36
2.3.3 Event date calculations......Page 41
2.3.4 Forward pass......Page 43
2.3.5 Backward pass......Page 46
2.3.7 Constraints......Page 48
2.4.1 Joint Baseline Review......Page 51
2.4.2 Programme approval......Page 52
2.5 Other planning techniques......Page 55
2.5.1 PERT – Project Evaluation and Review Technique......Page 56
2.5.2 Gantt charts (bar charts)......Page 58
2.5.3 Line of balance......Page 59
2.5.4 Critical chain method/theory of constraints......Page 62
2.6 Why use CPM planning or scheduling techniques?......Page 64
2.6.2 As-planned programmes......Page 65
2.7 Project controls and the project control cycle......Page 67
2.7.1 Progress monitoring......Page 68
2.7.2 Process and analyse information – earned value method......Page 69
2.7.3 The cost and schedule performance curves......Page 72
2.7.4 Time control......Page 74
2.7.5 Programme updates......Page 75
2.8 Records, records, records . . .......Page 80
2.8.1 Electronic records......Page 82
2.10 Guidance......Page 86
3.1 Establishing a basis for identifying delay......Page 88
3.1.1 General requirements......Page 89
3.1.2 Validation of an as-planned programme......Page 91
3.2 Factual evidence and as-built programmes......Page 93
3.2.1 As-built programme preparation......Page 94
3.2.2 Summary......Page 101
3.3 Identification of delay events......Page 102
3.3.1 Delay identification......Page 103
3.3.2 Recording delays......Page 104
3.4.1 Disruption and delay......Page 108
3.4.2 Calculating disruption......Page 110
3.4.3 Establishing cause......Page 111
3.4.4 Total cost claims/global claims......Page 113
3.4.5 Measured mile......Page 116
3.4.6 Graphical presentation......Page 120
3.4.7 Summary......Page 126
4.1 Introduction to delay analysis techniques......Page 128
4.1.1 The use of CPM techniques......Page 130
4.1.2 Project planning software......Page 132
4.1.3 Identifying delays – cause or effect?......Page 133
4.2.1 Additive methods of delay analysis......Page 136
4.2.2 Impacted as-planned......Page 137
4.2.3 Time impact analysis......Page 143
4.2.4 Collapsed as-built......Page 152
4.2.5 As-built based methods of analysis......Page 162
4.2.6 Total time assessments (observational/static/gross)......Page 163
4.2.7 As-planned versus as-built windows analysis......Page 172
4.2.8 Contemporaneous windows analysis......Page 175
4.2.9 Month-to-month update analysis......Page 177
4.3 Selection criteria and guidance......Page 185
4.3.1 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol......Page 186
4.3.2 The core statements of principle......Page 188
4.3.3 Recommended Practice No. 29R-03 Forensic Schedule Analysis......Page 193
4.3.4 Which technique to use under given circumstances......Page 199
4.4 Summary......Page 200
5.2.1 General definitions – what is ‘float’?......Page 203
5.2.2 How float is used......Page 204
5.2.3 Float loss and the impact......Page 208
5.2.4 Measurement of float loss......Page 209
5.2.5 Who owns the float?......Page 211
5.3 Concurrency......Page 214
5.3.1 Definitions......Page 215
5.3.2 Delay analysis and concurrency......Page 216
5.3.4 Delay scenarios......Page 219
5.3.5 Common questions......Page 221
5.3.6 Experience and common sense......Page 223
5.3.7 The concept of pacing......Page 224
5.4.1 Programme requirements, format and compliance......Page 225
5.4.2 Approval or acceptance of construction programme......Page 231
5.5 Acceleration and mitigation......Page 232
5.5.2 Acceleration......Page 233
5.5.3 Contractors’ right to early completion......Page 235
6.2 Case study – airport terminal expansion......Page 238
6.2.1 Initial analysis by party appointed planning experts......Page 239
6.2.3 Tribunal planning expert’s contemporaneous approach......Page 243
6.2.4 Runway Extension – are delays to the Runway Extension relevant?......Page 246
6.3 Float mapping – approach and methodology......Page 248
6.3.2 Creating a float map......Page 250
6.3.3 Identify driving activities......Page 252
6.3.4 As-built critical path......Page 253
6.4 Demonstrating acceleration......Page 262
6.5 Presentation skills – demonstrative evidence......Page 264
6.5.1 Summary......Page 269
Appendix: Contractors Programme Submittals......Page 271
Table of Cases......Page 275
Glossary......Page 277
Index......Page 285