Deep Learning and Other Soft Computing Techniques: Biomedical and Related Applications (Studies in Computational Intelligence, 1097)

✍ Scribed by Nguyen Hoang Phuong (editor), Vladik Kreinovich (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 282
• Edition: 1st ed. 2023
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book focuses on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational intelligence (CI) in medical and related applications. Applications include all aspects of medicine: from diagnostics (including analysis of medical images and medical data) to therapeutics (including drug design and radiotherapy) to epidemic- and pandemic-related public health policies.

Corresponding techniques include machine learning (especially deep learning), techniques for processing expert knowledge (e.g., fuzzy techniques), and advanced techniques of applied mathematics (such as innovative probabilistic and graph-based techniques).

The book also shows that these techniques can be used in many other applications areas, such as finance, transportation, physics.

This book helps practitioners and researchers to learn more about AI and CI methods and their biomedical (and related) applications―and to further develop this important research direction.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Biomedical and Other Human-Related Applications of Soft Computing
Type-2 Fuzzy Relations: An Approach towards Representing Uncertainty in Associative Medical Relationships
1 Introduction and Motivation
1.1 Related Work
1.2 Preliminaries: Fuzzy Sets and Relations
2 Associative Medical Relationships
2.1 Acquiring Data for Associative Medical Relationships
3 Inferencing Type-2 Fuzzy Relation
3.1 Inferential Uncertain Relations
3.2 Application Potential
4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Mental States Detection by Extreme Gradient Boosting and k-Means
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 The Method
4 Experiments
5 Conclusions
References
Why Decreased Gaps Between Brain Cells Cause Severe Headaches: A Symmetry-Based Geometric Explanation
1 Decreased Gaps Between Brain Cells Cause Severe Headaches: Empirical Fact
2 Analysis of the Problem and the Resulting Explanation
References
Drug Repositioning for Drug Disease Association in Meta-paths
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 The Method
4 Conclusions
References
iR1mA-LSTM: Identifying N1-Methyladenosine Sites in Human Transcriptomes Using Attention-Based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Benchmark Dataset
2.2 Sequence Embedding
2.3 Model Architecture
2.4 Attention Network
2.5 Evaluation Metrics
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Model Evaluation
3.2 Comparative Analysis
3.3 Software Availability
4 Conclusions
References
Explaining an Empirical Formula for Bioreaction to Similar Stimuli (Covid-19 and Beyond)
1 Formulation of the Problem
2 General Idea Behind Many from-First-Principles Explanations
3 Let Us Apply This General Idea to Our Problem
References
Game-Theoretic Approach Explains—On the Qualitative Level—The Antigenic Map of Covid-19 Variants
1 Formulation of the Problem
2 A Simplified Game-Theoretic Model and the Resulting Explanation
References
Application of the Artificial Intelligence Technique to Recognize and Analyze from the Image Data
1 Introduction
2 System Design
2.1 Framework of Overall System
2.2 Hardware Setup
2.3 Data Collection
3 Scoring Mechanism
3.1 Conceptual Definition
3.2 Vector of Limb
3.3 Scoring Evaluation
4 Results of Study
5 Conclusions
References
Machine Learning-Based Approaches for Internal Organs Detection on Medical Images
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methods
3.1 Overview Structure
3.2 Data Description
3.3 Image Processing
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Divide Training and Testing Set
4.2 Experimental Results on Organs Segmentation
4.3 Results Comparison with Various Segmentation Algorithms
5 Conclusion
References
Smart Bra Based on Impact and Acceleration Sensors Integrated Communication Techniques for Sexual Harassment Prevention
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methods
3.1 Requirements
3.2 Design for Women's Safety
4 Experiments and Evaluation
4.1 Operating Principles
4.2 Evaluation
4.3 Comparison with Other Devices
5 Conclusion
References
Smart Blind Stick Integrated with Ultrasonic Sensors and Communication Technologies for Visually Impaired People
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methods
3.1 Requirements
3.2 Design for the Stick
4 Experiments and Evaluation
4.1 Operating Principles
4.2 Evaluation
4.3 Comparison with Other Devices
5 Conclusion
References
Segmentation of the Abnormal Regions in Breast Cancer X-Ray Images Using U-Net
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 A Model for Segmentation of the Abnormal Regions in Breast Cancer X-Ray Images
3.1 Data Collection and Labeling
3.2 Pre-processing and Model Training
3.3 U-Net Model Training
4 Model Evaluation
5 Conclusions
References
Why FLASH Radiotherapy is Efficient: A Possible Explanation
1 Formulation of the Problem
2 Our Explanation
References
Data Augmentation Techniques Evaluation on Ultrasound Images for Breast Tumor Segmentation Tasks
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methods
3.1 Data Augmentation
3.2 Image Segmentation with U-Net
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Environmental Setting
4.2 Data Description
4.3 Evaluation Metrics
4.4 Scenario 1: Various Data Augmentation Techniques Comparison (Brightness and Rotation)
4.5 Scenario 2: The Comparison of the Number of Augmented Images
5 Conclusion
References
Applications to Finances
Stock Price Movement Prediction Using Text Mining and Sentiment Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Data Collection
3 Data Preparation
3.1 Data Cleaning
3.2 Short News and Stock Prices Concatenation
3.3 Data Labelling
3.4 Label Data Augmentation
4 Model Development
4.1 Regressive Neural Network Model
4.2 Machine Learning Models
4.3 Data Augmentation
4.4 Model Ensembling
5 Experimental Results
5.1 Data Splitting
5.2 Recurrent Neural Network Results
5.3 Ensembling RNN Results
5.4 Machine Learning Results
6 Conclusion
References
Applications to Transportation Engineering
Lightweight Models' Performances on a Resource-Constrained Device for Traffic Application
1 Introduction
2 Related work
2.1 Deep Learning-Based Embedded System for Traffic Monitoring Applications
2.2 Algorithms
2.3 Hardware Specification of Edge Embedded System
3 Methodology
3.1 Architecture Overview
3.2 Vehicle Detection
3.3 License Plate Detection
4 Experiments
4.1 Datasets
4.2 Results
5 Conclusions
References
IT2-Neuro-Fuzzy Wavelet Network with Jordan Feedback Structure for the Control of Aerial Robotic Vehicles with External Disturbances
1 Introduction
2 Interval-Type-2 Neuro-Fuzzy Wavelet control
2.1 Preliminaries
2.2 Controller Design
2.3 Stabilty Analysis
2.4 Complexity Analysis
3 Control of Aerial Robotic Vehicle (ARV)
3.1 ARV System Description
3.2 Simulation
4 Conclusion
References
How Viscosity of an Asphalt Binder Depends on Temperature: Theoretical Explanation of an Empirical Dependence
1 Formulation of the Problem
2 Our Explanation
References
Applications to Physics, Including Physics Behind Computations
Why in MOND—Alternative Gravitation Theory—A Specific Formula Works the Best: Complexity-Based Explanation
1 Formulation of the Problem
2 Our Explanation
References
Why Color Optical Computing?
1 Why Optical Computing in the First Place: We Want Fast Computing
2 Why Color Optical Computing: Need for Robustness
References
Non-localized Physical Processes Can Help Speed Up Computations, Be It Hidden Variables in Quantum Physics or Non-localized Energy in General Relativity
1 Localized Character of Physical Processes Limits Computation Speed
2 But Are All Physical Processes Localized?
3 How Non-localness Helps to Speed Up Computations?
References
General Studies of Soft Computing Techniques
Computational Paradox of Deep Learning: A Qualitative Explanation
1 Formulation of the Problem
2 General Explanation
3 Specific Explanation Related to Gradient-Based Training of Neural Networks
References
Graph Approach to Uncertainty Quantification
1 Introduction
2 Detailed Formulation of the Problem
3 What if a Few Pairs of Measurement Errors are Not Necessarily Independent
3.1 Description of the Situation
3.2 General Results
3.3 Connected Graph of Size 2
3.4 Connected Graphs of Size 3
3.5 Connected Graphs of Size 4
4 What if only a Few Pairs of Measurement Errors are Known to be Independent
4.1 Description of the Situation
4.2 General Results
4.3 Connected Graph of Size 2
4.4 Connected Graphs of Size 3
4.5 Connected Graphs of Size 4
5 Proofs
References
How to Combine Expert Estimates? How to Estimate Probability in the Intersection of Two Populations?
1 Formulation of the First Problem
2 Formulation of the Second Problem
3 Formulation of the Problems in Precise Terms
4 How These Problems Can be Solved
References